Janus: Papers of Thomas Clarkson

St John's Library/Clarkson contains:
Folder 1-5	Slave Trade
Folder 6	Haiti
Folder 7	Clarkson Family
Folder 8	Miscellaneous Papers
Uu.25.61	Autograph letter, signed, from Catherine Clarkson, headed 'Dear Sir' (probably Henry Room)

More information

Please feel free to contact the repository.

Papers of Thomas Clarkson

Title	Slave Trade
Reference	Folder 1-5
Covering Dates	1787–1850
Extent and Medium	157 items; paper

Content and context

Papers relating to the abolition of the slave trade

St John's Library/Clarkson/Folder 1-5 contains:

Doc 1

Diary of travels in the West Country and Wales. Gives description of travels and scenery, especially Bristol and surrounding area. Gives detailed account of visits to docks, investigation into shipping in Bristol and meeting with local luminaries to gather support for the abolition cause.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
30p; paper.

25 June 1787–25 July 1787

Doc 2

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Brissot de Warville and Etienne Claviere, to Joseph Woods (1) and James Phillips, from Paris. Acknowledges the resolution passed by the English Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, to associate them in this work for humanity as their correspondents in France. They undertake to form an equivalent French Society with the same objective, which will keep in contact with its English counterpart, and give appropriate French postal addresses. They warn that given the different make-up of French politics, the method will be different and progress perhaps slower. (1) Bookseller and publisher of Clarkson's essays.
2p; paper.

13 October 1787

Doc 3

Two identical Handbills. Gives resolutions of the 'Second General Meeting of the Inhabitants of Exeter' called by the mayor for 'taking into Consideration the African Slave Trade'. Resolutions as follows: Approves the formation of committees for the purpose of abolishing the slave trade; notes money already subscribed and the need for more funds, further subscriptions will be requested from the inhabitants of Exeter; thanks Mayor for calling meeting and Clarkson for speaking; will ensure that the resolutions are printed in newspapers in London, Exeter and Sherborne.
1p; paper.

1 November 1788

Doc 4

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson, to Rev. Mr. Jones, Trinity College, from Soho. Introduces Gustavus Vassa [i.e. Olaudah Equiano], an African, who wishes to visit Cambridge, and asks for help in selling Vassa's autobiography.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

9 July 1789

Doc 5

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Jean Baptiste de Lubersac, Bishop of Chartres, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Acknowledges a parcel sent by the letter. He describes the importance of the example given by Clarkson's efforts, as wielding a moral force superior to that inculcated by principles alone. He comments on the importance of the personal interests of those concerned in advancing a great cause, and the hypocrisy of a motion for the freedom of Negroes being put before the National Assembly, which is preoccupied with its own ideas of liberty.
2p; paper.

2 November 1789

Doc 6

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Jean Baptiste de Lubersac, Bishop of Chartres, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Sent during TC's visit to France, assuring him that he is quite right not to have put himself to trouble to translate his last communication into French, since the writer has perfectly understood it, with a little help. He acknowledges on behalf of the Abbe Sieyes and himself, the two pictures which Clarkson sends, with which the writer is already familiar. (1) This design inspired Lubersac with a great hatred of the traffic in human kind as much as that traffic has degraded it. He invites Clarkson with an unnamed friend, to a modest dinner next Monday at 4 p.m. (1) The picture was evidently the slave ship picture which Clarkson circulated in profusion in Paris and from which Mirabeau had a model made for his dining room table (See Clarkson Biography, pp. 57-8).
1p; paper.

7 November 1789

Doc 7

Draft article written by Thomas Clarkson in reply to a letter 'in the supplement to your journal of January 1790. . .' by Monsieur Mosneron de l'Auny. Clarkson states that an answer is 'fully authorised' as he is mentioned in M. de l'Auny's original letter. He takes issue with M. de l'Auny's three points; that slavery has always existed in Africa, that human sacrifice prevails there, and that Africa provides no opportunities for commerce. Clarkson points out that the mere existence of a practice does not provide for its justification. In an enlightened age such a barbarism as the slave trade is not morally right and should be abolished. He also notes that slaves not only are a tiny minority of the population in many parts of Africa, they are also treated much more humanely than those in French colonies. He dismisses the second point by arguing that the proof for such sacrifices is very tenuous. Even if it does exist, then it is surely the duty of enlightened people to promote civilisation and put an end to savage customs. Finally he dismisses the third notion by listing the many and varied products available in Africa. Clarkson also points out that the 14 men who provided the evidence for M de l'Auny's arguments have a vested interest in the continuation of the slave trade.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
10p; paper.

1790

Doc 8

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Expresses surprise that Clarkson has not written, doubtless hindered by business, since Brissot is being asked about his affairs at the Society [? the Societe des Amis des Noirs]. He attaches the Address [not here] which he and his colleagues have just presented at the National Assembly, but a great storm of opposition has arisen, especially in Bordeaux. The cause of Free Negroes has been discussed in a violent atmosphere at the General Assembly of the Hotel de Ville. The public is in support, but the Cabal is so strong that, fearing for success, the Societe preferred to withdraw the petition. Brissot is intending to print several good works and assumes that Clarkson will immediately translate the Address to the Assembly into English and place it in all the papers. Clarkson's letter to Mosneron de l'Auny has been published. Brissot urgently requests information about the progress of a treaty for the supply of slaves said to have been made between the English and Spanish Governments.
3p; paper.

14 February 1790

Doc 9

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Explains that he has written and sent the Address made to the National Assembly. The cause is gaining ground amid rising opposition. We [the Societe?] are publishing a good refutation of Lamiral and another work by an inhabitant of Domingo (St. Dominique, i.e. modern Haiti). The cause of the free Negroes has been debated in our Assembly, but without success. Brissot asks Clarkson to cash an order for Louis d'Or, paying them to Bridel who delivers this letter.
1p; paper.

18 February 1790

Doc 10

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Discusses the fortunes of the debate about the abolition of 'Negro trade' in the National Assembly and its handling in Assembly committees, and in a committee at the Hotel de Ville. Brissot and his colleagues are asking that a private committee such as 'you have got in your Parliament' be appointed to consider the question. Brissot urges Clarkson to print his 'evidences' which will make a great impression in Paris, where The Patriot paper is regularly received. A furious battle for and against the cause of abolition is being conducted in the press. He recommends Bridel's affair.
2p; paper.

4 March 1790

Doc 11

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. De Warville received Clarkson's undated letter (the third he has received) three or four days ago and will appreciate any assistance Clarkson can give to the Societe, the sooner the better since publications are proceeding briskly. Brissot's friend in New York, Myers [?John], tells him that a considerable number of friends have applied to Congress for the abolition of slavery in the United States. M. Oge (1) will be in London in eight or ten days, having sent a friend on in advance. The progress of reform in the House of Commons affects the morale of abolitionists in the National Assembly. They are much distracted by the destruction of the settlement in Sierra Leone (2), and ask for an account of that to be established there by Woodhouse. They have been honoured by visits from Messrs. [?Strand] and [?Nordenschfold]. (1) Vincent Oge, a mulatto of St Dominique, subsequently executed for revolt (Clarkson Biography, pp. 63-4). (2) Granville Sharp's settlement (See Clarkson Biography, pp. 63-4).
3p; paper.

9 March 1790

Doc 12

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Is surprised not to have received a reply to his last, acquainting Clarkson with the lack of success in Paris. Members of the National Assembly are now ashamed at their decree, a resolution which they say they came to for fear of losing the colonies. The 'men of colour' (?mulattos) have petitioned the Assembly to be heard on the subject of the decree. The Societe now consists of the most respectable members of the Assembly. Petion de Villeneuve is President, Brissot is Secretary, and Mirabeau is one of the members. Petion's and Mirabeau's speeches are to be printed and will make a great impact, but the Societe labours under heavy expenses from printing, and Lanthenas and Le Page, the Treasurer, will write to Clarkson with details of the costs. Brissot asks detailed questions about the progress of the parliamentary campaign in England.
3p; paper.

25 March 1790

Doc 13

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Discusses the enactment of the Instruction for Colonial Government, and the place of 'gens de couleur' in it. It is intended to send fifty copies of Petion's printed speech to Clarkson, and to disseminate one thousand copies of Mirabeau's speech. Treasurer of the Societe Le Page is writing with details of expenses, the Societe appeals to Clarkson for financial help in its distress. Brissot enquires about the relation of the St. George's Bay Company with the settlement of Sharp, and the other independent company for Sierra Leone.
2p; paper.

29 March 1790

Doc 14

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Introduces an architect, Mr. Norris, a 'valuable friend'. The second address to the National Assembly is enclosed. Brissot refers again to Le Page's letter and the financial straits of the Societe and discusses the progress of the cause in the Assembly, including the outcry against a leading opponent, Lamiral.
2p; paper.

25 April 1790

Doc 15

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Discusses financial needs, and measures taken to meet them from an English bank account, in detail, and warning against various individuals connected with the Societe, including d'Oge, who have been guilty of peculation or treachery. Some pamphlets have been printed for the 'gens de couleur'. Brissot congratulates on the ' victory humanity has gained in the last struggle about the right of declaring war'. He asks for news of Sierra Leone.
4p; paper.

27 May 1790

Doc 16

Autograph letter, signed, from Brissot de Warville, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Announces the delivery to him of several copies of the Address of the Societe to the National Assembly, by [?Demout] who knows its internal politics and the appointment of a Committee to review the question which is favourable to abolition '- the blow is struck and this trade shall go away by and by'.
1p; paper.

1790

Doc 17

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from P. Lepage, Treasurer of the Societe des Amis des Noirs, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Notifies the writer's intention to draw on behalf of the Societe £50 upon Messrs. Gwinel, Hoare and Harmand, bankers. Should the funds not be readily available, the representative of M. Claviere has orders to wait, but he begs Clarkson to send the money with utmost speed.
1p; paper; Manuscript.

27 May 1790

Doc 18

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Francois Lanthenas, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. The writer excuses lack of correspondence on the subject of abolition by attention to urgent political matters. The victory achieved by the 'gens de couleur' over the whites in the French colonies, on behalf of which the Societe des Amis des Noirs had merely a propaganda role in Paris, will perhaps hasten the winning of equal rights for all men everywhere. He trusts that that class of oppressed citizens who owe their triumph to the philosophy of the present age, will acknowledge it by giving support to the Societe particularly devoted to the betterment of the condition of their brothers, the Africans (1). Lanthenas considers the opening of new colonies an opportunity to give support to the cause there. He endeavours to interest Clarkson in a new publishing and bookselling venture established at No. 4 Rue du Theatre Francois, which will begin by publishing the evidences submitted to the English Parliament against the slave trade. It is intended to revivify the Societe. (1) This is just the kind of platitude that Lubersac was inveighing against in November 1789.
4p; paper.

16 January 1796

Doc 19

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson, to Joseph Taylor, Scarborough. Regrets result of Scarborough election and notes that it was always likely to prove difficult. Discusses payment for copies of Clarkson's work. Refers to an engraving that he has shown to the Committee [Abolition Society] and states that their opinion is that it would be best not to issue it until after the abolition of the slave trade has been resolved. Believes that the circulation of such an engraving may prove to be a hindrance. Mentions that the 'Prince's' are canvassing against the cause.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

26 January 1807

Doc 20

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, recipient unknown (? John Wadkin), from Thomas Clarkson. Discusses gaining subscribers in Manchester, the sale of Clarkson's book to them and lists people who may be of use with this task. States that there are more supporters in the new government Cabinet than in the old and that a question will be raised in the house. Asks the recipient to try to ensure that the inhabitants of Manchester put pressure on their Members of Parliament.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

1806

Doc 21

Photocopy of autograph letters, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Informs Wadkin that the government has resolved to pass through both houses a Bill for the Abolition of the Foreign Slave Trade. States that Wilberforce will put off the 'Great Bill' until this first is safely through and that Wadkin is to be ready to apply to his Member of Parliament. Suggests that this Bill is the first attack on the slave trade and will save 35,000 Africans. Asks for a list of subscribers.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

7 April 1806–10 April 1806

Doc 22

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Discusses subscribers from Manchester and the dispatch of books to them, the circulation of books in London and the price of them.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

29 May 1806

Doc 23

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Discusses subscribers and books dispatched to them. Also lists three questions which will be asked in Houses of Parliament; asking for the abolition of the slave trade, for vessels not to be built specifically for the slave trade, and for steps to be taken to convince other nations to abolish the trade.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

9 June 1806

Doc 24

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Expresses great joy at a vote in the Houses of Parliament in support of the Abolition of the [Slave] Trade, carried by 203 to 16.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

24 February 1807

Doc 25

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Informs Wadkin that he is settled in Bury St Edmunds after the sale of his house in the Lakes. Thanks Wadkin and James Petley for all the kindness showed him in Manchester and help with the circulation of his book. Discusses Charles Fox's devotion to the abolition cause, his attempts to include it in the treaty with Bonaparte and the loss his death will cause. Is still hopeful that the Cabinet has a majority of supporters including the Prime Minister, Lord Grenville. Briefly outlines Lord Grenville's plans but asks Wadkin to keep them to himself.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

1807

Doc 26

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Asks Wadkin to get assurances from candidates who want his support in the coming election that they will oppose the government if they try to revise the recent Abolition of the Slave Trade Act. Also asks if he can gain any votes in Yorkshire to ensure that Wilberforce is re-elected.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

1 May 1807

Doc 27

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Hemdale. Asks Wadkin to send prospectuses to contacts in Warrington, Preston, Ipswich and Norwich.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

30 August 1807

Doc 28

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Discusses problems with printing and distributing prospectuses. Suggests George Phillips and Michael Routh would assist and that James Petley will also return soon to assist.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

24 October 1807

Doc 29

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson. Discusses new subscribers and the distribution of the two volumes of Clarkson's book.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

21 March 1808

Doc 30

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Discusses problems with the dispatch of books.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

24 March 1808

Doc 31

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Has met James Petley at the yearly meeting. Wishes to present a copy of the Abridgement of the Evidence delivered at the House of Commons on the subject of the Slave Trade to Wadkin, Petley and Michael Routh. Discusses distribution of books and payment for them.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

3 June 1808

Doc 32

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Acknowledges receipt of money and thanks Wadkin for all work he has done. Notes that he has more leisure time than he has had for the last two years and can devote more time to the cause. Will be visiting Manchester soon with his wife.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

2 August 1808

Doc 33

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Acknowledges receipt of money. Offers sympathy to Wadkin on the death of his eldest daughter.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

20 January 1809

Doc 34

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Thanks Wadkin for letter and recent concern. Discusses exchanging damaged books. Hopes that Wadkin may be able to sell more as Clarkson has incurred expenses in promoting the cause and the proceeds of selling the book will help to offset them. Notes that there is still work to be done to further the cause but hopes that it will be finished soon. Discusses a meeting planned in London to discuss the next Bill to be introduced in Parliament. Maintains that this will take up a month of his time and therefore needs money from the sale of the book. Suggests different ways of selling the book.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
4p; paper.

30 July 1810

Doc 35

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from London. Acknowledges receipt of £10. Is preparing for the Bill on abolition. Thanks for help with the sale of his book especially in light of the poor state of trade in the Kingdom.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

29 January 1811

Doc 36

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Concerns the sale of Clarkson's new book, Memoirs of the Life of William Penn. Requests Wadkin to ask at the Manchester meeting for subscriptions to purchase the book at a lower price. Enquires after Richard Routh. Informs Wadkin that the African Coast is now all but devoid of slave ships and that Chile has abolished the slave trade.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

10 February 1813

Doc 37

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Discusses an unknown supporter collecting subscriptions for Clarkson's latest book.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

2 April 1813

Doc 38

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, to John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Asks for names of subscribers for Clarkson's book.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

4 May 1813

Doc 39

Photocopy of autograph letter, signed, John Wadkin from Thomas Clarkson, from Bury St Edmunds. Thanks Wadkin and Richard Routh for collecting 77 subscribers for the purchase of his book.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

7 May 1813

Doc 40

List of Publications. In Clarkson's hand. Rough list of books and publications concerned with the slave trade and associated matters from 1760 to 1806. Gives a brief account of the passage of the Bill to end the Slave Trade through the House of Commons.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
4p; paper.

1813

Doc 41

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson to R. Harvey, from London. Suggests that French houses have made application to Liverpool to gain supplies for the slave trade, though advises that this cannot be authenticated. States that the aim is to get the article removed from the Treaty (1). If this fails then application will be made to Parliament about the manufacturers of fetters. Advises that it would be best to get as many names on a petition as possible. (1) An article in the Treaty of Paris, signed by Great Britain and France on 30 May 1814, which ensured the continuance of the French Slave Trade for five years.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

15 July 1814

Doc 42

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson to ?. Acknowledges receipt of petition from ? and box from Edinburgh.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

21 July 1814

Doc 43

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from L'Abbé de Montesquieu to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Sends a draft of the work regarding the treaty.
1p; paper.

11 October 1814

Doc 44

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Henri Gregoire, Bishop of Blois, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Assures him of the pleasure of seeing him and his wife at their last visit to Paris, and of the effect it had for the cause. Clarkson's two letters were discussed in some papers, though in less depth than would have been desirable, and in several there was only a bare notice of them. Gregoire discusses the preponderant frivolity of the French press, though there are exceptions. Gregoire goes on to discuss the impact of censorship on the press, which has forced [? Messrs. Comte and Dunoye], editors, to cease publishing in journal form and publish instead separate volumes. He is sending by an intermediary, Captn. Scobell, 'un ami des noirs' a volume of Observations, twenty pages of which are devoted to Clarkson's works. He has received a work on the slave trade, and slavery of blacks and whites, but thinks it may not be allowed to go to press since it contains some hard truths explicitly dealt with. If so, he will send it in a manuscript. Gregoire attaches M. Egion's receipt (1), and asks for his own to be returned or destroyed. He acknowledges Clarkson sending him his work on the Quakers (2), and Mr. Foster (3), whom he has not met, sending his works on the same subject. He requests help with corrections to his own works, his Histoire des Sectes, and a new edition of his Litterature des Negres. Mr. Wilberforce has sent the second edition of the life of Toussaint Louverture, by M. Stephen (4). Gregoire intends to write to him and send him copies of the letters written to himself by 'ce general' [Toussaint]. Cambridge University which in times gone by [jadis] awarded a prize for Clarkson's work, opened a debate some years ago on the question 'what are the advantages and inconveniences which may result from the new republic of blacks and coloureds established in the West Indies?' Gregoire asks was the prize actually bestowed, and what was the result of the debate? (5) He sends his compliments to Mrs. Clarkson, Messrs Robinson, Stoddart, William Smith etc. etc. (1) In a postscript, however, he says he cannot find it. . (2) Portraiture of Quakerism (1806). . (3) It could be the odd Baptist preacher John Foster 1770-1843 (DNB) but probably not. . (4) James Stephen 1758 - 1832. This work is not listed among his 'chief' in the DNB. . (5) The Prize is probably a garbled ref. to Clarkson's prize Essay on Slavery, 1786, but the debate?.
4p; paper.

30 November 1814

Doc 45

Text (in the same hand as, and with, Item 44) of Egion's quittance in French. 'Today, 11 Sept 1814, Mr. Thomas Clarkson sent me 585 francs to pay Mr. Egion for printing his work Les Desavantages Politiques de la Traite de Negres (1) the said day and year; [signed] Gregoire 'ancien Eveque' [i.e. under the old regime] of Blois'. (1) No doubt, Essay on the Impolicy of the African SlaveTrade (1788, but reprinted in 1814: see Clarkson's Biography p.128).
1p; paper.

11 September 1814

Doc 46

Envelope, empty, add. to Monsieur Clarkson, Chez Mr. Allens, Plough Court, Lombard Street, London. Endorsed 'Bishop Gregoire 30 Nov. 1814, de Egions receipt'.
paper.

30 November 1814

Doc 47

Thomas Clarkson's account of his meeting with the Emperor of Russia, Paris. Relates how Clarkson presented a letter thanking the Emperor for his efforts in ending the slave trade and asking for further help, together with an introduction from the Duke of Gloucester, to Baroness Trudonov, someone whom the Emperor visited every evening. After a short delay he was summoned for an audience on 23 September at the Palais de Bourbon. Clarkson admits to nervousness but relates how the Emperor immediately put him at ease. Confirming his animosity towards the slave trade, something which had increased with the reading of Clarkson's book, the Tsar stated he wanted to do as much as possible to help. He had tried to outlaw it in the original treaty with France (1) but this had proved impossible. He had redoubled his efforts during the Congress of Vienna and foundations had been laid. Finally, with the help of the British minister, the French had been pressured to abandon the slave trade. Clarkson agreed that this was an achievement but English supporters were disappointed that the slave trade had not been proclaimed as piracy at the Congress of Vienna. If the allied sovereigns professed to be against robbery and murder then surely the slave trade too was illegal. Furthermore it was against justice and religion. The Emperor agreed with Clarkson's point of view but stated that unfortunately the Congress of Vienna was unable to cure all Europe's ills. It, most importantly, had to bring safety, peace and tranquility to Europe and as the slave trade could only be ended by force, there would have to be a delay whilst peace was restored. Nevertheless, it remained a goal and the fact that France had joined in abolishing it was a step in the right direction. Further discussion ensued concerning colleagues of Clarkson's from the anti slave trade movement who had previously met the Emperor, the Quaker religion and the education system in England and how it could be useful in Russia. (1) The Treaty of Paris, signed by Great Britain and France on 30 May 1814.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
6p; paper.

September 1815

Doc 48

Two copies of responses by Henri Gregoire, Bishop of Blois, in French, to the libels of Bertrand de Molleville. One response is a brief general protest, the other a signed detailed rebuttal of further slanders. The latter said (on the contents list of Gregoire Envelope) to be addresses to the Gazette de France, but merely headed 'M(onsieur)'.
6p; paper.

1817

Doc 49

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Henri Gregoire, Bishop of Blois, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. Conveyed by their mutual friend, Mr Allen, who will supply further details. He acknowledges Clarkson's zeal in seeing to the insertion in the papers of Gregoire's letter rebutting the slanders of [?Bertrand-Molleville]; other friends have done similarly in the German papers. He has discussed the state of St. Dominique with Mr. Weatherley, who is on his way to Vienna. Ten letters written to him from St. Dominique have been mislaid, gone astray or been intercepted by various means. He has sent various parcels of educational and devotional works to St. Dominique, but doubts after his conversation with Weatherley, whether they will reach their destination. Gregoire discusses political conditions in St. Dominique at some length.
4p; paper.

16 August 1817

Doc 50

Document written in Thomas Clarkson's hand, entitled Short History of some of the most remarkable features on the character of the Slave Trade. Gives a brief history of the slave trade, how slaves are caught in Africa, the conditions they are shipped under and how they are sold in the West Indies. Intended for translation into Spanish but rendered unnecessary with the signing of a treaty between Spain and Britain. (Refers possibly to a treaty between Great Britain and Spain prohibiting the slave trade, signed in 1817).
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
26p; paper.

1817

Doc 51

Autograph letter, signed, in French, from Henri Gregoire, Bishop of Blois, to Thomas Clarkson, from Paris. If the recipient is in London, he will receive the letter from the hands of the Marquis (?Piresi). He is sending printed works by various deliveries. He sends a new copy of the second printed letter which he has addressed to an Elector of [?Lisere]. He has sent [?what] to Zachary Macaulay and already forwarded to Lord Calthorpe notes which attest that Senegal continues the slave trade. He has set a cry of indignation ringing in many papers, especially the Chronique Religieuse, and despite the fury of the 'marchands de sanf' (i.e. slave traders) against him, does not waver. He sends compliments to Clarkson's wife.
2p; paper.

20 March 1820

Doc 52

Extract from a letter from Captain Thompson. Refers to the return of an expedition from the Persian Gulf to Bombay. Discusses a treaty drawn up by Captain Thompson with Arabic Tribes making the carrying of slaves an act of piracy.
1p; paper.

30 April 1820

Doc 53

Autograph letter, signed, from Refine Weeks to Thomas Clarkson, from New York. Has taken the liberty to send Clarkson a piece he has written on the freedom of the African race.
1p; paper.

3 June 1820

Doc 54

'A list of slave vessels known to be employed in the illicit in slaves from the arrival of HMS Menai at the Mauritius', signed by the captain. A detailed list of 7 vessels, giving names, flags, captains, numbers of slaves carried and a description of actions taken against the vessels.
1p; paper.

9 February 1821

Doc 55

Draft of a letter from Thomas Clarkson to the Emperor of Russia. Reminds Emperor of last two meetings and the Emperor's interest in the abolition of the slave trade. Details the violation of the recent treaty by the French in the continued use of their vessels in the slave trade and entreats the Emperor to use every means possible to influence the government of France in the forthcoming Congress.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

6 September 1822

Doc 56

A fragment of an account of the history of the formation of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. Hand unknown. Recounts a discussion between two members of the African Institution, Zachary Macauley and William Allen, in 1822. They believed that though the Slave Trade had been abolished, slavery itself remained untouched. They resolved to gather together their old friends from the anti-slave trade cause to campaign to put an end to slavery. Gives a brief account of the histories of the two men and their efforts to contact interested parties and tells of the first meeting at the Kings Head Tavern, Poultry. Describes the belief amongst the group that their movement must remain secret until it has become strong enough to oppose the powerful pro slavery lobby. Gives the date of the public formation of the Anti Slavery Society as January 1823. Describes Clarkson's ideas for the organization of the movement, comprising of a parent society in London and a number of auxiliary branches throughout the country.
4p; paper.

1823

Doc 57

'Copy of a note from George Poole,' once missionary in West Indies. States that he has read the book and agrees with its sentiments. Gives ideas on the practicalities of freedom for slaves. Also a note attached giving an account of discussions with Poole regarding the regular punishment meted out to slaves, how Poole avoided coming into contact with it and how regulations were flouted.
2p; paper.

4 June 1823

Doc 58

A copy of a speech given at Ipswich by Thomas Clarkson. Headed by a declaration from a meeting held on 23 December 1825 of the Southampton Anti-Slavery Society, resolving that the following speech would be used in the Southampton area as a way of publicising the Society's views. Sent as an autographed letter from Edward Park, to Clarkson, dated 11 October 1845, from Southampton as a reminder of what was achieved by 'our early exertions in the cause of suffering humanity.' Ends, 'with sincere desire that your latter end may be peace found in the justifying righteousness of a crucified redeemer'.
2p; paper.

13 December 1825

Doc 59

Document entitled 'Substance of a Speech delivered By Thomas Clarkson, Esq. to a Public Meeting of the Inhabitants of Ipswich and its Vicinity, held at the Town Hall, on Tuesday, the 13th of December, 1825, on the Subject of British Colonial Slavery'. Speech outlines numbers, treatment and conditions of slaves. Notes that, as a consequence of public anti-slavery petitions in May 1823, Parliament has endeavoured to improve the conditions for slaves, but the colonies have refused to abide by these new regulations. Suggests further possible courses of action and finally recommends that a petition be raised supporting any measures Parliament think best to force the colonies to abide by the new laws. Includes annotation by Clarkson: 'Speech of mine on the subject of slavery'.
3p; paper.

13 December 1825

Doc 60

Draft speech to Swansea Committee in Thomas Clarkson's hand. Gives views of London committee who wish to gradually improve conditions for slaves, put them under protection of the law and to christianise them rather than to completely end all slavery. States that slaves will revert to savagery if they are released in their current state, helping neither them nor their masters. Invites the Swansea Committee to become an auxiliary committee to London. Gives a list of other branches already in existence.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
3p; paper.

1824

Doc 61

Draft letter from Thomas Clarkson to country committees. Urges committees to send petitions to Parliament rather then postponing dispatch until the position of Ministers is made clear. Claims that petitions encourage and support ministers in the cause.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

1828

Doc 62

Copies of two letters, in Thomas Clarkson's hand. Refers to the 'Berbice Case' and the defense which shall be made. The first letter gives the views expressed by Mr. Horton in the Privy Council and during a speech in the House of Commons (1) as follows: The planters cannot work their estates profitably without slaves. Therefore they must have compensation for the loss of the slaves which at present is not set high enough. Negroes will not work without compulsion. It is stated that these two arguments will be defeated by the use of The Privy Council Report and its supplement of 1789, a report commissioned by Parliament under Lord Hawkesbury on the slave trade. They will also use an Abridgement of this evidence which was compiled by the anti slavery committee and used in the House of Commons. The second letter provides evidence from the Abridgement to show that the Planters of Berbice are not in any way losing money with the current rate of compensation. Only a very few slaves can buy their freedom and therefore the workforce is not declining. (1) Refers to a speech made by the Right Honourable R. Wilmot Horton in the House of Commons, on 6 March 1828, on moving for the production of the evidence taken before the Privy Council, upon an appeal against the compulsory manumission of slaves in Demerara and Berbice.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
6p; paper.

1828

Doc 63

Autograph letter, signed, from B. Godwin (a Baptist minister) and W. Maude to Thomas Clarkson, from Bradford. Mr. Godwin states that he is interested in promoting the anti-slavery cause through a series of lectures. States that the best course of action is for Parliament to set a date for abolition and to make arrangements for that date to be met. Hopes Clarkson can help him either with written information or by sending recent publications. Maude introduces Godwin to Clarkson and states he is of good conscientious character and has been working hard to promote the anti slavery cause in Yorkshire which is growing stronger, especially amongst women.
4p; paper.

1 February 1830

Doc 64

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from W. Scoble, from New Broad Street. Discusses a letter sent by Clarkson to be read at the next public meeting of the Anti Slavery Society. Proposes changes regarding the 10 articles of the Washington Treaty, especially those regarding the trial of fugitives from the Indies. Also points out inaccuracies regarding fugitives from Florida and asks that points regarding slave-grown produce be printed in the next copy of the 'Reporter'.
2p; paper.

6 May 1833

Doc 65

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from J. Gurney, from Norwich. Congratulates Clarkson on his recent work which he has read. Says he could not put it down. Offers some criticism.
3p; paper.

27 June 1836

Doc 66

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson to ?, from Playford. States that recipient's book has been read to Clarkson. Apologises for delay due to bad eyesight and a multitude of business. Wishes to know what type of critical analysis is required.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

5 November 1838

Doc 67

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson from J. Forster, from Newcastle. Discusses a contract agreed between the planters and Parliament at the time of the Emancipation Act which has allowed slavery to continue. Sets out the actions being taken by the Committee to fight against it; public meetings, publication of articles and signing of petitions. Offers sympathy for the death of Clarkson's son, remembers visit to Playford Hall fondly and passes on regards to Mrs Clarkson.
2p; paper.

25 April 1838

Doc 68

Draft of the Resolution of the Court of Common Council of the City of London giving Clarkson the freedom of the city (1) and requesting him to sit for the carving of a marble bust for the court rooms. The freedom has been bestowed in testimony of the public service given by Clarkson in freeing enslaved Africans, separating commercial greatness from principles incompatible with the religion of mercy and achieving a moral victory in spreading civilisation. (1) Clarkson was given the Freedom of the City in 1839.
1p; paper.

1839

Doc 69

Draft of letter from Thomas Clarkson to the Lord Mayor, from Playford Hall. Acknowledges letter received advising of the passing of a resolution unanimously in the Court of Common Council of the City of London.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

9 December 1838

Doc 70

Autograph letter, signed, from Henry Sterry to Thomas Clarkson. Asks Clarkson to become a member of a Provisional Committee to 'carry into effect' the attached resolution. Resolution states that a committee be formed to raise subscriptions to help pay expenses for court cases brought against 'friends of the Negroes in Jamaica and other colonies', and to publicise such cases. Includes a list of names.
2p; paper.

28 September 1839

Doc 71

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from Joseph Sturge, from Birmingham. Asks Clarkson to chair a non-political meeting at Exeter Town Hall in protest over the Opium Wars.
2p; paper.

16 March 1840

Doc 72

Draft of a Speech given by Clarkson in Ipswich. In Clarkson's hand. States that, despite his old age and infirmity, he had to take the chair at the gathering as the abolition of slavery and the slave trade originated wholly with Clarkson and he feels that he cannot stop campaigning. Gives an idea of a slaves life, and also bemoans the fact that crimes committed against slaves carry no punishment.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

September 1840

Doc 73

Draft of Speech, later annotated by Thomas Clarkson as 'Speech of mine at a meeting held at Woodbridge'. Old age and health means Clarkson can only address them for a few minutes. Meeting is to form a committee to co-operate with the London Branch of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. Gives a few words on the evils of the slave trade, discusses the workings of 'farms' in America where slaves are bred and denounces the owners of such establishments.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

1840

Doc 74

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from Joseph Sturge, from Birmingham. Sends approval from the Wesleyan Conference on the resolution passed by the Anti Slavery Committee regarding church membership.
1p; paper.

8 December 1840

Doc 75

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from T. Fowell Buxton, from North Repps. Requests Clarkson to attend a meeting at Exeter Town Hall on behalf of the Committee, as he is too ill to attend. Realises that Clarkson may be too ill himself but says it is important at this time for attendance.
3p; paper.

14 June 1842

Doc 76

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from Walter Dendy, from Jamaica. Expresses the thanks voted by a public meeting to Thomas Clarkson for his part in the ending of the slave trade.
3p; paper.

2 August 1842

Doc 77

Copy letter from Thomas Clarkson to the Earl of Aberdeen. Discusses extradition clause of the Treaty recently negotiated with the USA. (1) Notes the fact that even though once on British land a slave is regarded as free, the extradition clause means he can now be returned to USA to face punishment for any crime which may have been committed. Points out the difference between the sentences for crimes committed by a free man and by those committed by a slave in America, the lack of hard evidence needed to extradite a slave and how it is of great value for a slave owner to regain slaves. Asks that the government reconsider the Act which applies to the Treaty and that fugitive slaves will be exempted from it. (1) Ashburton Treaty, signed by Great Britain and the USA on August 9, 1842.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

1842

Doc 78

Autograph letter, signed, from Thomas Clarkson to Thomas Spring-Rice, Lord Monteagle, from Playford. Discusses the Ashburton Treaty (1), which Clarkson believes would break up a colony of fugitive slaves in Canada and restore them to slavery. Mentions the example of Nelson Hacket, a member of this colony, who was delivered back to his master in Arkansas and notes that the view of the Treaty taken by the US senate promotes the breaking up of the colony. Entreats the Lord to object to the 10th article of the Treaty, dealing with the return of slaves, when the Bill for the ratification of the Treaty comes before the House of Lords. Suggests that passing of the Bill would be breaking the word of the Duke of Wellington. (1) Signed by Great Britain and the USA on August 9, 1842.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

25 May 1843

Doc 79

Copy letter from Thomas Clarkson to Joseph Pease. Discusses the granting of freedom to slaves by the Government of India and the availability of cotton produced by paid labourers in India as opposed to that of cotton from the USA.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

13 June 1843

Doc 80

Illustrations from the Pictorial Times. Shows'The Horrors of the Slave Trade'.
1p; paper.

17 June 1843

Doc 81

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Carkson, from G. Hawessi ?, from Mortlake ?. Briefly discusses the contents of Treaty of Washington regarding fugitive slaves.
4p; paper.

31 November 1843

Doc 82

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street,. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Informs Clarkson that his letter will not appear in the 'Reporter' as there is too little time. Has received a list of important politicians in the US from Mr. Leavitt.
2p; paper.

10 February 1844

Doc 83

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of letter but informs Clarkson that it will not be published due to various mishaps. Has sent a list from Mr. Leavitt.
3p; paper.

14 February 1844

Doc 84

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Informs Clarkson that his letter will not be printed in the 'Reporter' as letters from America, the West Indies and Paris have arrived. Clarkson's letter will be circulated in printed form with a copy of the newspaper. Letters to Judge Jay and Mr. Kellog will not be sent, as they are absent.
3p; paper.

21 Febuary 1844

Doc 85

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Discusses the incorrect editing of a letter for publication.
3p; paper.

23 February 1844

Doc 86

Autograph letter, signed, from Lewis Tappan to Thomas Clarkson, from New York. Gives a second set of answers to Clarkson's question, 'what real symptoms have you of the anti-slavery cause's advancement?' as follows: The establishment of two newspapers by 'person of colour.' Election of a former slave to an old established literary society. The winning, in the eyes of many, of an argument, conducted through a series of newspaper essays, between a black physician and a pro-slavery Unitarian minister. Many distinguished people in the 'Free States' publicly advocating the anti-slavery cause. Eminent lawyers from the free states and territories frequently stating that anti slavery principles are rapidly pervading the country. The disassociation of several missionaries with missionary boards who have been known to accept money from slaveholders, and the belief that many more will follow in the future. The growth of the membership of the Liberty Party, an abolitionist Party. Tappan admits that there are other, discouraging, facts, the rising price of slaves being one, but doesn't want to discourage Clarkson. States that slavery will soon be abolished and Texas will not be admitted into the Union as a slave state.
3p; paper.

29 February 1844

Doc 87

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises the dispatch of letters to various parties in US and England. Discusses a case of man sentenced to death in US for aiding an escaped slave and how it is causing much attention in Britain, including its mention in the House of Lords by Lord Brougham. Wishes to introduce an American called Deane to Clarkson.
3p; paper.

2 March 1844

Doc 88

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of a letter and will get the opinion of other friends. Advises that the Boston Packet will be sailing on 4th April so letters must be posted by the 3rd. Confirms he has written to Mr. Dean as requested and he will reply shortly.
2p; paper.

14 March 1844

Doc 89

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Sturge to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises the receipt of the slips of an accompanying letters from Lewis Tappan and that copies have been kept by the Society.
2p; paper.

16 March 1844

Doc 90

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises of Mr. Alexander's news from Paris with regards to the French Government's action on the slave trade, including the acknowledgement of Sir Robert Peel's address on sugar duties and its intention to ask the anti-slavery society for its opinions. Briefly discusses anti-slavery campaign in USA, the publishing of letters and the holding of a public meeting in Indiana.
3p; paper.

18 March 1844

Doc 91

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of letters for Mr. Tappan and Mr. Chapman. Discusses the views of Mr. Blair on the sugar duties and the changing of his mind. Tells of Mr. Tappan's work and the case of Mr. Brown which it is hoped Clarkson could help by writing a letter to the Christian Churches generally.
4p; paper.

29 April 1844

Doc 92

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Notes that John Bright and Mr. Thompson have applied to join the society.
2p; paper.

1 June 1844

Doc 93

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges the receipt of letters delivered via Mr. Lewis Weld from Lewis Tappan who gives assurance that Clarkson's letter will receive wide circulation. Discusses the circumstances of Lewis Weld and wishes to introduce Rev. Pennington to Clarkson. Mentions Judge Jay.
2p; paper.

29 June 1844

Doc 94

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street, dated 8 July 1844. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Thanks Clarkson for his invitation to visit. Attaches two resolutions for signature.
2p; paper.

8 July 1844

Doc 95

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from Mr. Stanley, from Downing Street. Thanks Clarkson for letter concerning the causes of a recent outbreak of violence in Dominica and confirms that they are very similar to those given in official accounts.
2p; paper.

9 July 1844

Doc 96

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges the receipt of a resolution. Awaits answer from Mr. Weld. Hopes a letter will be printed in the Morning Chronicle.
2p; paper.

10 July 1844

Doc 97

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Expresses gratitude for a visit to Playford Hall. Discusses books being taken to Mr. Marsh.
2p; paper.

23 July 1844

Doc 98

Copy of a letter from William Marsh to Judge O'Neall, from Leamington. Briefly replies to a letter discussing slavery. Uses religious principles to show that slavery must cease.
1p; paper.

29 July 1844

Doc 99

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Sends a letter from a friend, Rev. W. Owen, and suggests that Clarkson will wish to help the poor in spirit, explaining that he can take as long as he likes. Notes that Owen is an Abolitionist and has written many articles on the subject for the daily press.
2p; paper.

30 July 1844

Doc 100

Autograph letter, signed, from Lewis Tappan to Thomas Clarkson, from New York. Thanks Clarkson for recent letters and notes that he has published the information which Clarkson has sent.
1p; paper.

31 July 1844

Doc 101

31 July 1844

Doc 102

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Informs Clarkson that he should not put himself out to write a piece for Rev. Owen's book and that there are two months before publication. Sends a leaf of Bogatzkys Golden Treasury to show the style of the work and suggests reproducing a commentary form Clarkson's MSS on the New Testament. Has posted letters to USA.
2p; paper.

8 August 1844

Doc 103

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Encloses resolutions for Clarkson to sign for Rev. Torrey, Captain Walker amongst others.
2p; paper.

5 October 1844

Doc 104

8 October 1844

Doc 105

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Sends thanks from Rev. Owen for allowing alteration to his letter. Hopes Clarkson will be better soon and notes that a meeting of the Committee takes place the following week so if he can have a letter by then it will be laid before them.
2p; paper.

25 October 1844

Doc 106

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of an article and notes that it is with Mr. Scoble for his opinion. Sends a letter from Mr. Pennington to see if it should appear in the Reporter.
2p; paper.

26 October 1844

Doc 107

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Notes that a paper is being read by Mr. Stacey and Mr. Scoble. Has read the letter from Mr. Marsh to Judge O'Neal. Marsh contends that Nimrod was the first slaveholder, the Patriarchs then continued the practice and thus it was handed to the Jews. Servitude had previously existed but not slavery.
3p; paper.

29 October 1844

Doc 108

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Returns a copy letter.
1p; paper.

30 October 1844

Doc 109

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Asks Clarkson to correct a letter from Dr Marsh before it is sent to the USA.
1p; paper.

31 October 1844

Doc 110

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises Clarkson that his letters have been sent to Lewis Tappan, that there is no need to hurry with a further letter as Mr. Weld will leave by steamer in a months time, and informs Clarkson that Mr. Kennington is a runaway slave, has not been in contact with his family for fifteen years and is constant fear of being arrested.
2p; paper.

2 November 1844

Doc 111

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises that he has received Clarkson's letter and will read it carefully before sending it with Mr. Weld to the USA. Hopes Clarkson recovers his health soon.
2p; paper.

6 November 1844

Doc 112

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Notifies Clarkson that his letter will be appearing in the 'Reporter'. Also, has sent it to the editor of the 'Record'.
2p; paper.

8 November 1844

Doc 113

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Discusses the printing of one of Clarkson's letters and the sending of it to Lewis Tappan in USA.
2p; paper.

11 November 1844

Doc 114

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Has received Clarkson's letter for Sir Robert Peel. Congratulates Clarkson on a recent piece published in the 'Record'.
2p; paper.

12 November 1844

Doc 115

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Sympathises with Clarkson's sufferings. Discusses publication of latest letter and gives a list of names to whom the letter has been sent.
3p; paper.

18 November 1844

Doc 116

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Wishes Clarkson well in his suffering. Discusses methods of postage of letters to America and the publishing of a recent letter by Clarkson both in the 'Record' and in pamphlet form.
3p; paper.

26 November 1844

Doc 117

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises Clarkson that the society will keep sending his letters and that two have been sent to two Christian newspapers. Suggests that the election of Mr. Polk (1) will bring the anti slavery cause to the fore again. Mentions a shipment of sugar from Venezuela to be exciting much comment. (1) U.S. President, 1845-49.
3p; paper.

2 December 1844

Doc 118

Autograph letter, signed, from Lewis Tappan to Thomas Clarkson, from New York. Thanks Clarkson for address he has received and notes that it has been printed in a daily paper and will soon be published as a pamphlet. Notes that Mr. Polk, a slaveholder, has been elected President but is certain that the anti slavery cause will win, especially if, as expected, Texas is kept out of the Union.
1p; paper.

31 December 1844

Doc 119

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Requests Clarkson to add signature to a letter to French Abolition Society. Acknowledges the receipt of a letter from Lewis Tappan advising that all letters have been received and mentions the fate of two men sentenced to prison.
3p; paper.

15 January 1845

Doc 120

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of letter for France. Advises that the Committee is discussing a suggestion concerning the West Indian Colonies and Colhouns statement.
2p; paper.

17 January 1845

Doc 121

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises that Clarkson's ideas about French Abolition Society have been put before the Committee and that he has no cause to worry. Discusses a sum of money to be sent to a lady in Boston.
2p; paper.

20 January 1845

Doc 122

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of a letter, along with another from Mr. Gerritt Smith. Advises that they are most beneficial to the cause, that they will be published shortly and will counteract the claim that the Liberty Party are not being true to their principles by supporting Polk (1), a slaveholder. Discusses the sending of a sum of money to a lady in Boston. (1) U.S. president, 1845-49.
4p; paper.

31 January 1845

Doc 123

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises of receipt of 'address'. Will send it and the enclosed money to Lewis Tappan in New York by usual route.
3p; paper.

3 February 1845

Doc 124

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Asks Clarkson to attach his signature to attached petition for the House of Commons.
1p; paper.

11 February 1845

Doc 125

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Informs Clarkson of the death of Mr. Buxton (1) and also of Soul's resignation from his post at the Society to devote his time to the Orphan Working School. (1) Leader of the Anti Slavery Movement in Parliament after the death of Wilberforce.
4p; paper.

21 February 1845

Doc 126

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Has read review and is delighted. Agrees that the Wesleyan Mission in Africa can do much for the abolition of slavery. Discusses sending money to Mr. Boston through a friend, the Rev. Henschell, and Soul's positon in the Society.
4p; paper.

25 February 1845

Doc 127

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Encloses letter from Sir Charles Metcalfe (not held) regarding escape of Mr. Pennington (a slave?) to Canada.
3p; paper.

18 March 1845

Doc 128

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of letter, is in process of copying it.
2p; paper.

19 March 1845

Doc 129

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Thinks that Clarkson is better. Endeavouring to get a letter published in the 'Reporter' and the 'Record' but believes it to be too long.
3p; paper.

26 March 1845

Doc 130

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of two letters for America.
1p; paper.

2 April 1845

Doc 131

Autograph letter, signed, from Lewis Tappan to Thomas Clarkson, from New York. Short note thanking Clarkson for sending a copy of a speech.
1p; paper.

14 April 1845

Doc 132

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises that Clarkson's letter has been sent to two newspaper editors for publishing.
2p; paper.

26 April 1845

Doc 133

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises Clarkson that he has sent for two newspapers, the Times and the Herald, which published one of Clarkson's letters. Advises Clarkson that he is busy with the 'Orphans School' election.
3p; paper.

28 April 1845

Doc 134

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Has received letter.
1p; paper.

1 May 1845

Doc 135

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Advises dispatch of letters to various parties in US and Britain and of Annual Meeting of the Society. Advises that opposition to the previous year's meeting has alarmed the members and therefore this years will be a small affair.
3p; paper.

5 May 1845

Doc 136

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Discusses the sending of a memorial to Lord Aberdeen. Discusses recent publication of letter.
3p; paper.

8 May 1845

Doc 137

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Encloses a copy of a letter from Mr. Pennington.
1p; paper.

10 May 1845

Doc 138

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Acknowledges receipt of a letter.
1p; paper.

20 May 1845

Doc 139

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Notes that a letter will appear in the 'Watchman'.
2p; paper.

29 May 1845

Doc 140

31 May 1845

Doc 141

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from City Road. Will reply to Clarkson's letter shortly. Will forward the pamphlet for publication and look out for notices.
2p; paper.

11 July 1845

Doc 142

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Acknowledges the receipt of books. Surmises that a Bill will not pass through Parliament in the current session and that newspapers and magazines are not liable to print much on it. Notes that the Times has a leader on the death of Earl Grey.
3p; paper.

21 July 1845

Doc 143

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Offers a critique of a piece written by Clarkson, the 'Grievances of Seamen.' Notes that Clarkson has overlooked a recent law which has been used by police magistrates for the registry of seamen. Suggests that this would make it very easy for all captains to report to Customs a list of absentees. Discusses lodging houses for sailors and recommends that the accommodation be in the hands of magistrates rather than the clergy as they are able to use the police to make enquiries. Notes the importance of rules and that the lodgings should be temperance houses. Recommends the founding of marine schools for sailors in every port, partly to keep sailors from drunkenness, along with a hospital. Would be keen to see every lodging house and every ship have a small library, which would include religious texts, and that ministers should be available for all lodging houses. Thinks that sailors only wish to be treated as rational and accountable beings and can, on the whole, be men of temperance.
4p; paper.

25 July 1845

Doc 144

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from Brunswick Parade, Islington. Gives Clarkson information requested re Parliamentary anti slavery legislation and notes that he has a selection of publications if Clarkson requires anything further. Discusses a letter sent to Dr. Marsh from Judge O'Neal which has been locked in Mr. Scoble's office who has left for France with the key. Notes the sad news regarding Cassius Clay in America.
3p; paper.

24 September 1845

Doc 145

Autograph letter, signed, to Thomas Clarkson, from Joseph Sturge. Tells of vote in Houses of Parliament abolishing apprenticeship and answers questions concerning Parliamentary actions on the slave trade.
1p; paper.

1845

Doc 146

Autograph letter, signed, from Peter Bolton to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Furnishes Clarkson with information he requested with regard to the Abolition of Slavery Act. Also informs Clarkson that he has taken Mr Soul's place as the secretary of the British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society.
2p; paper.

24 September 1845

Doc 147

Autograph letter, signed, from Mr Scoble to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. Asks Clarkson to add his signature to attached letter (now lost) expressing support of Robert Peel's course of action with regard to sugar duties.
1p; paper.

6 February 1846

Doc 148

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from City Road, London. Acknowledges the receipt of a letter and offers words of sympathy and encouragement in the face of Clarkson's ill health.
3p; paper.

15 April 1846

Doc 149

Autograph letter, signed, from Joseph Soul to Thomas Clarkson, from Orphan Working School, City Road. Thanks Clarkson for letter and wishes him well. Pleased to find Clarkson so cheerful despite being confined to his chamber. Briefly discusses anti-slavery campaign but admits that he has not been involved recently. Gives brief news of family.
4p; paper.

23 May 1846

Doc 150

Autograph letter, signed, from John Scoble to Thomas Clarkson, from New Broad Street. On British and Foreign Anti Slavery Society headed paper. Asks for Clarkson to attach his signature to the enclosed appeal (now lost) to the country on the proposed alterations to sugar duties.
1p; paper.

13 July 1846

Doc 151

Draft of a speech, in Joseph Sturge's hand (?). Notes that though the Emancipation of slaves has been granted, the slave trade still continues. Suggests that the way to end it is not to use force, but to make it unprofitable. Suggests that government should intervene to ensure that free immigration is possible and will become profitable. Discusses these issues especially in relation to the West Indies and the sugar trade.
15p; paper.

1849

Doc 152

'Extracts Steele'. A list of evidence in Thomas Clarkson's hand taken from 'Mitigation of Slavery, in Two Parts' by Joshua Steele, published in 1814.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
2p; paper.

1814

Doc 153

Publications regarding the abolition of the Slave Trade. A chronological description in Thomas Clarkson's hand ?.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
1p; paper.

1814

Doc 154

Anti-slave trade laws and supporters of abolition. List of anti slave trade laws passed in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Congress, Virginia and Connecticut from1774 - 1801. Short list of supporters in France, England and Scotland and America. Hand unknown.
2p; paper.

1830

Doc 155

Abolitionist Movement. A barely legible history in Thomas Clarkson's hand.
Creator: Clarkson, Thomas (1760-1846).
5p; paper.

1830

Doc 156

A list of questions, undated. A list of questions to ask witnesses in relation to the slave trade.
8p; paper.

1825

Doc 157

Envelope. Fragment of envelope addressed to Thomas Clarkson.
1p; paper.

1821