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RCS/Y304M-O contains:
Y304M Journey from East to West Africa 1934
Y304N Congo, Uganda, and Sudan 1935-36
Y304O Morocco, Algeria, Niger
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Home > Janus> Repositories> RCS> Y304M-O

W. Powell collection on Africa 1930s

Title Congo, Uganda, and Sudan 1935-36
Reference Y304N
Covering Dates 7 Apr. 1935–2 Aug. 1936
Extent and Medium 254 images in 1 box
Content and context

A collection of photographs on 41 album sheets. Typed on a piece of paper stuck on one album sheet is: 'ALBUM 2. All the photographs in this album were taken by me, on a safari from Victoria (B. Cameroons) to Port Sudan. This journey lasted from April 7/35 till August 2/36. The photographs are of anthropological interest only, and deal mostly with the Mangbetu tribe in the northern Congo; the Karamojong in Northern Uganda, and various tribes in the southern Sudan. I was using only a Leica camera with a Summar F2 and a Hektor 13.5cm. lens. [signed] W. Powell'. Plates 1-128 relate to the Belgian Congo, 129-221 to the Southern Sudan, 222-224 to the Sudan-Uganda border, and 225-254 to the Labwor and Karamojong peoples of Uganda. Most of the photographs have typed descriptive captions. Titles composed for this catalogue are enclosed in square brackets.

Further information

Indexed

Index Terms
Africa
Congo
Sudan
Uganda
RCS/Y304M-O/Y304N contains:
1 A Mangbetu woman wearing tamburu.
2 Mangbetu women with elongated skulls. The caption below the photograph continues: 'They are wearing the Tamburu headdress which is only worn by the better class women and Chief's wives. The woman on the extreme right has an exceptionally well shaped head'. An additional note on the top of the album page reads: 'The MANGBETU Tribe live on the northern edge of the Eturi Forest in the Belgian Congo. Their chief characteristic is the deformation of the skull which they attain by binding the children's heads for the first year to eighteen months after birth. This extraordinary practise in no ways upset their sanity'.
3 These four are some of Niapu's wives who have the tamburu. Showing four women standing in a line. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Niapu is one of the three most important Mangbetu Sultanis. They looked very sour when Niapu told them to come and pose for me'. An additional note on the top of the album page reads: 'The MANGBETU Tribe live on the northern edge of the Eturi Forest in the Belgian Congo. Their chief characteristic is the deformation of the skull which they attain by binding the childrens heads for the first year to eighteen months after birth. This extraordinary practise in no ways upset their sanity'.
4 [Candid photograph of a woman of the Mangbetu tribe]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption below the photograph reads: 'These sharpened bones are used for untying the tight knots of their coiffure when they reset their hair. Between times they are used as ornaments'. An additional note on the top of the album page reads: 'The MANGBETU Tribe live on the northern edge of the Eturi Forest in the Belgian Congo. Their chief characteristic is the deformation of the skull which they attain by binding the childrens heads for the first year to eighteen months after birth. This extraordinary practise in no ways upset their sanity'.
5 [Candid photograph of a woman of the Mangbetu tribe]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption below the photograph reads: 'This is not a tattoo but just a black dye, which can be washed off. This they do frequently (about once a fortnight) and paint on some entirely fresh and crazy design which they have thought of'.
6 [Candid photograph of a woman of the Mangbetu tribe]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption below the photograph reads: 'These faint and numerous cicatrizations represent solely events in her sexual life; such as, - menstruations - husbands - intercourses and childbirths'.
7 [Candid photograph of a woman of the Mangbetu tribe]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The best tamburu I saw'.
8 An ebony carving of a Mangbetu woman by a Baboa. The caption above the photograph continues: 'The Baboa's live round about Buta in the N.W. Congo'.
9 Mangbetu pottery.
10 Mangbetu wooden domestic utensils which can be found in any hut.
11 [Candid photograph of an elderly Mangbetu man]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. A caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'An ancient Mangbetu man I met in the forest between Medje and Pambirie. All the Mangbetu men wear little straw hats decorated with hens feathers'.
12 [Candid photograph of an elderly Mangbetu man]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. A caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'An ancient Mangbetu man I met in the forest between Medje and Pambirie. All the Mangbetu men wear little straw hats decorated with hens feathers'.
13 A Bangwa woman at Ekibondo. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption at the bottom right of the album page continues: 'The Bangwa favour this style of hairdressing, and never wear the tamburu. The Sultani of Ekibondo had his hair dressed like this. The Bangwa too have more facial tatoos [sic] than the Mangbetu'.
14 A Bangwa woman at Ekibondo. Side on view of a sitting woman. The caption at the bottom right of the album page continues: 'The Bangwa favour this style of hairdressing, and never wear the tamburu. The Sultani of Ekibondo had his hair dressed like this. The Bangwa too have more facial tatoos [sic] than the Mangbetu'.
15 A Bangwa woman at Ekibondo. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption at the bottom right of the album page continues: 'The Bangwa favour this style of hairdressing, and never wear the tamburu. The Sultani of Ekibondo had his hair dressed like this. The Bangwa too have more facial tatoos [sic] than the Mangbetu'.
16 The Sultani of Ekibondo's head wife.
17 A Bangwa mother and daughter. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Note the long heads and negbes - a fibrous mat worn by the female sex of all ages'.
18 [Bangwa mother and child].
19 Irritation. Showing a crying baby being held by a woman.
20 Pacification. Showing a baby breastfeeding.
21 Satisfaction. Showing a small baby.
22 Somnolence. Showing a sleeping baby.
23 Hair dressing at Ekibondo. The caption at the bottom right-hand corner of the album page continues: 'All the girls were very clever at this, and I saw no one person specializing in the art. I was amazed to see what a mop of hair they have when they have all their plaits combed out. They use only a sharpened bone to work with. On this page there are two different styles of dressing'.
24 Hair dressing at Ekibondo. The caption at the bottom right-hand corner of the album page continues: 'All the girls were very clever at this, and I saw no one person specializing in the art. I was amazed to see what a mop of hair they have when they have all their plaits combed out. They use only a sharpened bone to work with. On this page there are two different styles of dressing'.
25 Hair dressing at Ekibondo. The caption at the bottom right-hand corner of the album page continues: 'All the girls were very clever at this, and I saw no one person specializing in the art. I was amazed to see what a mop of hair they have when they have all their plaits combed out. They use only a sharpened bone to work with. On this page there are two different styles of dressing'.
26 A Bangwa baby at Ekibondo is not at all unhappy at having his head bound up. Informal head and shoulders portrait.
27 [Bangwa baby with bound head]. The caption to the right of the photograph reads: 'This is how the Mangbetu get their long heads, which they consider so beautiful. This baby is growing quite a good head much to his mothers pride'.
28 [Bangwa baby]. Showing a baby, with an unbound head, breastfeeding. The typed caption below the photograph reads: 'The binding is removed from time to time for readjustment'.
29 [Bangwa baby with bound head]. The caption to the left of the photograph reads: 'The binding is put on immediately after birth, while the bone is still soft. It is kept on for about one year to as long as eighteen months according to the discretion of the parents, and the sex of the child. Girls are usually subjected to a longer treatment than the boys'.
30 [Bangwa baby with bound head]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The babies always seem to be very top heavy'.
31 [Woman carrying baby]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The excessive length of the skull always appears to be more conspicuous in children than adults. With old adults the skulls almost resume their normal proportions. This babies cranium seems to overflow it's binding [sic]'.
32 Carving a tree trunk for Niapu's new house.
33 In M'Bongo's court house. The caption below the photograph continues: 'He is the Sultani of Medje, and paramount Chief of the Mangbetu'.
34 [Carved pillar]. The caption reads: 'The Mangbetu are always very industrious and clever with their hands at pottery, carving and basket work. These photographs show some of their carved pillars which they have in their court houses. Many of the designs are phallic'.
35 [Carved pillar]. The caption reads: 'The Mangbetu are always very industrious and clever with their hands at pottery, carving and basket work. These photographs show some of their carved pillars which they have in their court houses. Many of the designs are phallic'.
36 Chief Badidi (Mombodo Tribe, near Wamba) and his family. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Badidi gave me his house for the night, when my carriers ran away and left me'.
37 A Mombodo man lies on his bed, while his wife dresses his hair for him.
38 Nadrodina enjoys having her hair done.
39 [Malea]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Malea, is probably a Barambu girl. met her at Megrindra [sic]. Her skin is pale bronze. Her hair dressing is very neat and original. She would only pose for her photograph on the condition that I gave her some soap cigarettes and eau de Cologne. (All scent they call Masala.)'.
40 [Malea]. Full length portrait. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Malea, is probably a Barambu girl. met her at Megrindra [sic]. Her skin is pale bronze. Her hair dressing is very neat and original. She would only pose for her photograph on the condition that I gave her some soap cigarettes and eau de Cologne. (All scent they call Masala.)'.
41 [Malea]. Informal photograph of Malea sitting. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Malea, is probably a Barambu girl. met her at Megrindra [sic]. Her skin is pale bronze. Her hair dressing is very neat and original. She would only pose for her photograph on the condition that I gave her some soap cigarettes and eau de Cologne. (All scent they call Masala.)'.
42 More of Malea. Informal head and shoulders portrait.
43 More of Malea. Informal head shot.
44 More of Malea. View of Malea's hair.
45 More of Malea. Informal head and shoulders portrait.
46 Masaanado Aluba. Informal full-length portrait of Masaanado Aluba. In the distance a small thatched building can be seen. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Masaandao Alubu also lives at Megrindra. One morning I mixed her a cup of delicious breakfast chocolate; she took one mouthful, and promptly spat it out, - No studied insult, but just her natural way of showing how she disliked it'.
47 Masaanado Aluba. Informal full-length portrait of Masaanado Aluba. In the distance a small thatched building can be seen. In the distance a small thatched building can be seen. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Masaandao Alubu also lives at Megrindra. One morning I mixed her a cup of delicious breakfast chocolate; she took one mouthful, and promptly spat it out, - No studied insult, but just her natural way of showing how she disliked it'.
48 Masaanado Aluba. Informal head and shoulders portrait of Masaanado Aluba. In the distance a small thatched building can be seen. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Masaandao Alubu also lives at Megrindra. One morning I mixed her a cup of delicious breakfast chocolate; she took one mouthful, and promptly spat it out, - No studied insult, but just her natural way of showing how she disliked it'.
49 A Mangbetu grave. The caption below the photograph continues: 'A man has just been buried, and his wives and relatives are wailing on the grave. (Taken close to Medje.)'.
50 [Two girl mourners]. The typed below the photograph reads: 'These two girls obviously had some connection with the deceased, and were waiting about round the grave with painted faces, and hang dog expressions'.
51 [Women working on the land]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Sometimes the women wear heavy long grass skirts when they are working on the land. (Taken between Mogo and Medje.)'.
52 [Head of a member of the Mangbetu tribe]. One of a three photographs showing head shapes. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Three extremely well shaped Mangbetu heads. (Bottom Bangwa boy.) The scar caused by the binding is very noticeable in the top right photograph [Y304N/53]. All the Mangbetu have this scar'.
53 [Head of a member of the Mangbetu tribe]. One of a three photographs showing head shapes. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Three extremely well shaped Mangbetu heads. (Bottom Bangwa boy.) The scar caused by the binding is very noticeable in the top right photograph [Y304N/53]. All the Mangbetu have this scar'.
54 [Bangwa boy's head]. One of a three photographs showing head shapes. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'Three extremely well shaped Mangbetu heads. (Bottom Bangwa boy.) The scar caused by the binding is very noticeable in the top right photograph [Y304N/53]. All the Mangbetu have this scar'.
55 A Bangwa woman.
56 A girl I met between Megrindra and Egbundu.
57 Nadrodina who lives at Megrindra.
58 [Bangwa woman].
59 [Bangwa woman].
60 [Bangwa woman].
61 [Bangwa woman].
62 [Bangwa woman].
63 [Bangwa woman].
64 [Bangwa woman].
65 [Bangwa woman].
66 A typical Mangbetu home in the forest. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Their huts are made of split cane, and thatched with leaves, and branches of palms'.
67 Ekibondo and Madamu's hut on the left. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The palms are full of weaver birds nests'.
68 Another corner at Ekibondo.
69 The hut I spent two days in at Pambirie. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The Mangbetu youths are very skilled at archery, and here are some eager competitors for a five franc note I pinned to a palm tree'.
70 [Woman carrying basket]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The few women who wear the tamburu, and who do manual work have specially designed basket to carry their loads [sic]. They cannot carry anything on their heads'.
71 A Mangbele man. The caption above the photograph continues: 'The Mangbele are a neighbouring tribe of the Mangbetu. They all tall, thin, bearded and unfriendly'.
72 One of my Mombodo carriers wearing a gay zebra coloured bark cloth.
73 Bangwa. Showing a woman carrying a small child.
74 Mangbetu albino girl at Niapu.
75 Bangwa.
76 Bangwa.
77 Bangwa.
78 Korotidita at Magrindra.
79 A Bangwa sewing strips of bark cloth together.
80 Another kind of negbe.
81 [Seated woman].
82 [Split-cane and palm bed]. The caption to the right of the photograph reads: 'This type of bed is used by the Azande - Bangwa - and Mangbetu tribes. Made from split cane and palm. Beside it is a calibash water pipe. These have ridiculously small bowls, and the tobacco is burnt out after a moments smoking'.
83 An ivory bark cloth hammer (Bangwa and Mangbetu). The caption below the photograph continues: 'Bark cloth is worn both by men and women'.
84 Ekoki [ankle bracelets]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Crudely worked brass rings worn round the ankles of the better class women, Chief's daughters and favourite wives. These are becoming rare now owing to the increasing sale of European goods. (Taken at Megrindra.)'.
85 Very large drums at Ekibondo, like the Ebrundrus at Niapu. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Note the wall painting on the hut behind'.
86 A gorgeously coloured puff adder killed at Ekibondo (Northern Congo).
87 [Two men]. The caption below the photographs reads: 'This little man standing beside a Bangwa of normal height, is more likely to be a pigmy thana dwarf. He is wearing his bark cloth in the Bangwa style'.
88 A Bangwa dance at Ekibondo in which young and old take an active part.
89 A Bangwa dance at Ekibondo in which young and old take an active part.
90 A Bangwa dance at Ekibondo in which young and old take an active part. The caption above the photograph reads: 'Madamu is on the extreme left'.
91 A Bangwa dance at Ekibondo in which young and old take an active part. The caption below the photograph reads: 'They have a variety of dances, but every one suggestive of sexual abandon'.
92 An impromptu dance at Niapu.
93 An impromptu dance at Niapu.
94 My Mangbetu carriers were always singing and dancing. Showing Mangbetu carriers on a ferry. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Crossing over a ferry they at once started dancing. The Mangbetu are the happiest people in Africa'.
95 [Marire, an Ambudu (?) girl]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Marire also lives at Ekibondo. Her skin is pale brown, and she has a most cheerful temperment [sic]. She has the same facial tatoos [sic] as Mora, an Ambudu girl at Legu I think she belongs to that tribe'.
96 [Marire, an Ambudu (?) girl]. The caption to the right of the photograph reads: 'Marire leads a most carefree life, and could always be found comfortably stretched out watching the zombi cooking, or telling naughty stories to her girl friends'.
97 The negbe as worn by Marire.
98 The Bangwa girls love painting incredible designs all over their bodies.
99 Self at Ekibondo being fatherly. Showing Powell with a baby on his knee.
100 The girls have a craving for tobacco. Showing Powell giving tobacco to Bangwa girls.
101 [Panoramic view of Ekibondo]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Ekibondo and the rest house I stayed in. This was built in honour of the Prince of Wales visit [sic]'.
102 Inside the council house at Ekibondo which has the most fantastic painted wall designs.
103 [Man with ceremonial musical instrument]. The caption to the bottom left of the photograph reads: 'This musical instrument made of iron in the shape of two oval bells is beaten in front of the Sultani when he is on a journey'.
104 Madamu, the licentious belle of Ekibondo. The caption on the album page continues: 'The first time I visited the village she was wearing the ekoki, and a wealth of ivory bangles. When I came back about nine months later I found that she had been 'defrocked', but just as cheerful as ever'.
105 Madamu, the licentious belle of Ekibondo. The caption on the album page continues: 'The first time I visited the village she was wearing the ekoki, and a wealth of ivory bangles. When I came back about nine months later I found that she had been 'defrocked', but just as cheerful as ever'.
106 Madamu, the licentious belle of Ekibondo. The caption on the album page continues: 'The first time I visited the village she was wearing the ekoki, and a wealth of ivory bangles. When I came back about nine months later I found that she had been 'defrocked', but just as cheerful as ever'.
107 The Negbanzi trumpet.
108 The negbanzi [trumpet] as it is blown.
109 A large message drum at Atanakea (Mangbetu village). Showing Powell standing beside a message drum. The caption below the photograph continues: 'This drum is carved out of one peice [sic] of wood; it has a long narrow opening at the top, and the inside is quite hollow. All the country round here is low lying swampy forest and the climate consequently hot and sticky. I usually wore a sarong (Kikoi) which proved a comfortable and cool dress for walking'.
110 [A three-man travelling band]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'A travelling band came to Ekibondo - a Bangwa village while I was staying there, and provided music for a wild dance which lasted well into the night'.
111 THE EDUNDU DRUM.
112 [Girl playing a stringed instrument.]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The girls at Ekibondo played single stringed instruments like this. It is rather like a bow, and by altering the pressure of the teeth on the wood and twanging at the same time, they could play quite pleasing little ditties. When a number were playing together it was most effective'.
113 Niapu's head wife. Niapu was a Mangbetu Sultani.
114 [Niapu and some of his people]. The caption to the right of the photograph reads: 'In the centre of the picture is Niapu himself (wearing a felt hat). He is just walking off into the forest to relieve nature. This called for quite a ceremony. His orchestra who were sitting about, began playing with great abandon, and the girls began singing his praises'.
115 Rather an attractive study of a Mangbetu woman I met at Egbundu.
116 [Niapu's orchestra]. The caption on the album page reads: 'Niapu's orchestra, was one of the best that I have ever heard. They played weird and frenzied music, which possessed unusual rythm [sic]. . They have a great variety of drums and instruments. In the top right hand picture [Y304N/118] looking from right to left is - Edundu, the big drum. Next four Ebrundru's which are brass studded and slung from the shoulder in play; and then a few small dog shaped drums which they call nec-bo-bo. Behind is negbanzi a huge ivory trumpet, attached to the mouth of this is a long wooden cylinder bound with leopard hide. . Another instrument is a brass bound pole which has hundreds of small bells attached to it, this is shaken up and down continuously all the time they are playing'.
117 [Niapu's orchestra]. The caption on the album page reads: 'Niapu's orchestra, was one of the best that I have ever heard. They played weird and frenzied music, which possessed unusual rythm [sic]. . They have a great variety of drums and instruments. In the top right hand picture [Y304N/118] looking from right to left is - Edundu, the big drum. Next four Ebrundru's which are brass studded and slung from the shoulder in play; and then a few small dog shaped drums which they call nec-bo-bo. Behind is negbanzi a huge ivory trumpet, attached to the mouth of this is a long wooden cylinder bound with leopard hide. . Another instrument is a brass bound pole which has hundreds of small bells attached to it, this is shaken up and down continuously all the time they are playing'.
118 [Niapu's orchestra]. The caption on the album page reads: 'Niapu's orchestra, was one of the best that I have ever heard. They played weird and frenzied music, which possessed unusual rythm [sic]. . They have a great variety of drums and instruments. In the top right hand picture [Y304N/118] looking from right to left is - Edundu, the big drum. Next four Ebrundru's which are brass studded and slung from the shoulder in play; and then a few small dog shaped drums which they call nec-bo-bo. Behind is negbanzi a huge ivory trumpet, attached to the mouth of this is a long wooden cylinder bound with leopard hide. . Another instrument is a brass bound pole which has hundreds of small bells attached to it, this is shaken up and down continuously all the time they are playing'.
119 Mombo, at Ekibondo in a pensive mood.
120 The girl at Megrindra who always made zombi for me. The caption below the photograph continues: 'Zombi is a delicious dish made from zaratta - a kind of spinach, and palm oil. She was always singing this little ditty which went like 'Three blind mice'. 'Ya, ho, hay / pa, po. hay / ya, oh, hay / endela pa pa gaunzi bo / cato yo yo genyi bo / ya, oh, hay'.
121 [Carving given to Powell]. The caption to the left of the photograph reads: 'A carving representing Madamu, which was given to me at Ekibondo, and was the cause of much amusement'.
122 The tamburu as seen from behind. The caption below the photograph continues: 'It is collapsable [sic] like an opera hat'.
123 A Bangwa girl.
124 Typical Mangbetu.
125 [An Ambudu girl].
126 'Saucy Sue' An Ambudu girl at Karume's village. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The Ambudu tribe live in the Mangbetu area'.
127 Mandarani Barani. At Egbundu.
128 [Mandarani Barani]. The caption to the left of the photograph reads: 'Mandarani Barani was a most entertaining girl. I met her at Egbundu. While staying at Egbundu I decided to return to England, and gave Mandarani all my equipment and provisions which I had no further need of'.
129 An Oxoriok girl near Liria, E.P. Southern Sudan. The caption on the album page continues: 'This tribe are sometimes known as Lokoiya. This girl was glistening all over with oil and red ochre'.
130 An Oxoriok girl near Liria, E.P. Southern Sudan. The caption on the album page continues: 'This tribe are sometimes known as Lokoiya. This girl was glistening all over with oil and red ochre'.
131 An Oxoriok girl near Liria, E.P. Southern Sudan. The caption on the album page continues: 'This tribe are sometimes known as Lokoiya. This girl was glistening all over with oil and red ochre'.
132 [Oxoriok man]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption on the album page reads: 'Two Oxoriok men'.
133 [Oxoriok man]. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption on the album page reads: 'Two Oxoriok men'.
134 The first stage of cicatrization. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The open cuts are soaked with oil and ochre, and usually wood ash is rubbed in'.
135 A young Oxoriok girl at Liria, (S. Sudan). The caption to the right of the photograph continues: 'The young girls of this tribe wear sporrans of metal tubes, which can always be heard jingling when the girls are a long way away. It sounds very pleasant'.
136 [Oxoriok mother with baby on back].
137 Self at Liria camp, with Mr and Mrs Beaton. The caption below the photograph continues: 'At this time he was the D.C. at Juba'.
138 [Liria rest house]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Liria rest house is built on a ridge with an excellent view of the country all round. From it one can see the Imatong and Acholi Mts, and the flat Nile country leading up to the Sudd'.
139 [Woman of Liria].
140 Some of the Liria inhabitants.
141 Making rope at Liria from a kind of seisal.
142 An Oxoriok boater. Showing a man wearing a hat. The caption below the photograph continues: 'I was told that the men wore these long before the European came into their country'.
143 A kuku girl near Kajo-Kaji, with a glass lip ornament and a giraffe hair necklace. The caption on the album page reads: 'The Kuku Tribe live in the South West corner of the Sudan, almost overflowing into the W.Nile Province of Uganda. The girls are good lookers, and wear a very striking dress, consisting of - A broad girdle of dark red beads, and hanging down behind a small tail or brush of string, neatly bound at the stump with small beads. In front they have a loop of chain'.
144 A kuku girl near Kajo-Kaji, with a glass lip ornament and a giraffe hair necklace. The caption on the album page reads: 'The Kuku Tribe live in the South West corner of the Sudan, almost overflowing into the W.Nile Province of Uganda. The girls are good lookers, and wear a very striking dress, consisting of - A broad girdle of dark red beads, and hanging down behind a small tail or brush of string, neatly bound at the stump with small beads. In front they have a loop of chain'.
145 A kuku girl near Kajo-Kaji, with a glass lip ornament and a giraffe hair necklace. The caption on the album page reads: 'The Kuku Tribe live in the South West corner of the Sudan, almost overflowing into the W.Nile Province of Uganda. The girls are good lookers, and wear a very striking dress, consisting of - A broad girdle of dark red beads, and hanging down behind a small tail or brush of string, neatly bound at the stump with small beads. In front they have a loop of chain'.
146 Leri (Kangapo) rest house where I spent one night. The caption to the right of the photograph continues: 'This is one of the better rest camps. In the Sudan they are nearly all good'.
147 Cattle at Kajo-Kaji. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The kuku have have [sic] cleared away so much bush that they now have a sanctuary from tetse fly'.
148 Babies have a basket hood to protect them from the sun.
149 Kuku compound.
150 A very neat Kuku girl.
151 Study in Kuku legs [handwritten caption].
152 Two Kuku girls lend the cook a hand at Leri.
153 An Arokeiya girl (S.Bahr el Ghazel) with very thick cicatrizations.
154 [Arokeiya girl].
155 Mundu women near Edi, Bahr el Ghazel [i.e. Bahr al Ghazal].
156 Mundu mother near Edi.
157 The Didinga Tribe. The caption on the album page continues: 'They live in the Didinga Mountains in the S.E. Sudan. They wear extraordinary headdresses of ancestral hair'. The page also includes a small hand-drawn illustration of the tribe's geographical position in Sudan.
Torn at bottom..
158 The Didinga Tribe. The caption on the album page continues: 'They live in the Didinga Mountains in the S.E. Sudan. They wear extraordinary headdresses of ancestral hair'. The page also includes a small hand-drawn illustration of the tribe's geographical position in Sudan.
159 The Didinga Tribe. The caption on the album page continues: 'They live in the Didinga Mountains in the S.E. Sudan. They wear extraordinary headdresses of ancestral hair'. The page also includes a small hand-drawn illustration of the tribe's geographical position in Sudan.
160 The Didinga Tribe. The caption on the album page reads: 'They are unable to put their heads on the ground, so always have to use headrests like this at night'.
161 The Didinga Tribe. The caption on the album page reads: 'They are unable to put their heads on the ground, so always have to use headrests like this at night. Horrible cicatrizations'.
162 The Didinga Tribe. Showing a member of the Didinga Tribe.
163 Didinga girls at Chukudum. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear sporrans of beads laboriously ground from the shell of an ostriches egg. These sporrans are only worn by the unmarried girls. Necklaces and girdles are also made from the ostrich egg'.
164 Didinga girls at Chukudum. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear sporrans of beads laboriously ground from the shell of an ostriches egg. These sporrans are only worn by the unmarried girls. Necklaces and girdles are also made from the ostrich egg'.
165 Didinga girls at Chukudum. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear sporrans of beads laboriously ground from the shell of an ostriches egg. These sporrans are only worn by the unmarried girls. Necklaces and girdles are also made from the ostrich egg'.
166 The Didinga Hills, taken on the way to Murikurum which lies at the north end of the Dongotona Mts [i.e. Mountains]. Panoramic view.
167 Near Lomeyo. My Lango carriers coming over the Kidepo Plains on the way to Chukudum.
168 Getting ready for a death dance at Torit. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe. The caption to the right of the photograph continues: 'This man has painted on his naked person a pair of wood ash trouserings'.
169 On their way to the dance [at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe.
170 Getting ready for the dance. Their bodies are covered with wood ash. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
171 A Latuka and his natumu. Showing a scene from a death dance at Torit.
172 The man sitting down in the foreground is just about to throw a handful of wood ash over his body. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
173 A mimic battle warding off evil spirits. Another preliminary to the dance. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The Latuka men made a cut on their right shoulder for every man they have killed and on the left for each woman. Since they have come under British Administration this custom has fallen into disuse. A prision warder at Torit recently had the occasion to shoot several prisoners who were escaping. On the day of the trial he was absent from court, and eventually found in his compound proudly making deep cuts in his shoulder'.
174 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit. The captions above and below the photograph read: 'When everyone was ready in this village they all began moving off to another village nearby where the dance was being held. The woman have their enapi's (leather skirts) tucked between their legs. They only do this at death dances. Each man carries a long stick, to this he ties the hair of any big animals he may have killed - or even a human. One man here has killed a good many. The widow proudly carried her deceased husbands stick'.
175 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit. The caption, which starts below the photograph and continues on to the next page (broken up by Y304N/176 and 177), reads: 'The women take the most active part in these dances. They dart about amongst the men, stopping every now and then in front of one, to begin dancing. They give out at times an ear peircing [sic] yodelling shriek. They kick their legs about a great deal; and in such a way as to flick the enapi apron into the air, - this is a suggestive action and causes much laughter. Then she will butt the man in his groin with her knee, and end up by jumping on him and sliding down his stomach. After this she will break away and run off to another man. The men merely swagger round flourishing their spears, and singing. Most of them carry small brass bound sticks which they jerk up and down. Not until the harvest is reaped do they use drums; before then they seldom dance except at deaths, and then use horns and trumpets. Note the shields decorated with ostrich feathers'.
176 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
177 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
178 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit. The caption below the photograph reads: 'The girl in the centre is glistening with sweat'.
179 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
180 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
181 [Death dance at Torit]. Showing members of the Latuka Tribe at a death dance, Torit.
182 Ivory, (The largest 100lbs) shot by Baron de Pettzie d'Ornella in the Opari district, S. [? Southern] Sudan.
183 Lango girls at Ikoto, Dongotona Mountains, who I had just given lengths of brass wire.
184 [Bari stool].
185 [Bari stool].
186 [Artefacts]. The caption below the photograph reads: 'Some of the things I collected in Mongalla Province with great difficulty. (Rt to L) Taposan hand spear. Latuka helmet (Natamu.) 3 kinds of Bari sporrans - (Pilia - Wande - Jufferaba.) Bari purse - Locumboro. Boya tummy belt. Bari skirt. (Bongor.) Latuka duelling shield and Horn'.
187 Bari women by the Nile. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear a very attractive skirt made from a goat skin, soaked in oil and dyed with red ochre. They have a beaded fringe'.
188 Bari women by the Nile. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear a very attractive skirt made from a goat skin, soaked in oil and dyed with red ochre. They have a beaded fringe'.
189 Bari women by the Nile. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba. The caption on the album page continues: 'They wear a very attractive skirt made from a goat skin, soaked in oil and dyed with red ochre. They have a beaded fringe'.
190 [Bari women]. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'All these photographs are of Bari women taken round about Juba'.
191 [Bari women]. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'All these photographs are of Bari women taken round about Juba'.
192 [Bari women]. The caption at the bottom of the album page reads: 'All these photographs are of Bari women taken round about Juba'.
193 And yet more Bari women. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
194 And yet more Bari women. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
195 And yet more Bari women. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
196 And yet more Bari women. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
197 Lots of Bari girls at Juba. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
198 Lots of Bari girls at Juba. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
199 Lots of Bari girls at Juba. Showing Bari women in the neighbourhood of Juba.
200 Bari at Belinian.
201 Bari at Belinian.
202 Bari at Belinian.
203 Looking across the Nile at Juba.
204 Bari at Belinian.
205 Shilluk girl at Malakal (on the Nile Anglo-Egyptian Sudan). An informal portrait of a girl at Malakal. The caption on the album page continues: 'The Shilluk are tall and slim, and very good lookers. Both sexes have dotted cicatrizations round their foreheads. Most of this girls hair is artificial. She wears a light ivory bangle'.
206 Shilluk girl at Malakal (on the Nile Anglo-Egyptian Sudan). An informal portrait of a girl at Malakal. The caption on the album page continues: 'The Shilluk are tall and slim, and very good lookers. Both sexes have dotted cicatrizations round their foreheads. Most of this girls hair is artificial. She wears a light ivory bangle'.
207 This is the characteristic headdress of the Shilluk men. The caption on the album page continues: 'Mostly ancestral hair and a little mud. These three portraits are of the same man'.
208 This is the characteristic headdress of the Shilluk men. The caption on the album page continues: 'Mostly ancestral hair and a little mud. These three portraits are of the same man'.
209 This is the characteristic headdress of the Shilluk men. The caption on the album page continues: 'Mostly ancestral hair and a little mud. These three portraits are of the same man'.
210 Another type of Shilluk hairdressing. The caption on the album page continues: 'This type is common all over Equatorial Africa. The hair is clotted with red ochre and fat'.
211 Another type of Shilluk hairdressing. The caption on the album page continues: 'This type is common all over Equatorial Africa. The hair is clotted with red ochre and fat'.
212 Another type of Shilluk hairdressing. The caption on the album page continues: 'This type is common all over Equatorial Africa. The hair is clotted with red ochre and fat'.
213 Dinkas at Shambe, on the Upper Nile. The caption on the album page continues: 'They have the most astonishing hair, which is bleached to a pale ginger colour. This they do by putting on a mud pack for a few weeks, which is soaked with cows urine. The most extraordinary part is that they manage to get the crinkles out of their hair'.
214 Dinkas at Shambe, on the Upper Nile. The caption on the album page continues: 'They have the most astonishing hair, which is bleached to a pale ginger colour. This they do by putting on a mud pack for a few weeks, which is soaked with cows urine. The most extraordinary part is that they manage to get the crinkles out of their hair'.
215 Dinkas at Shambe, on the Upper Nile. The caption on the album page continues: 'They have the most astonishing hair, which is bleached to a pale ginger colour. This they do by putting on a mud pack for a few weeks, which is soaked with cows urine. The most extraordinary part is that they manage to get the crinkles out of their hair'.
216 Amuru men at Amadi, Bahr el Ghazel.
217 Azande ?. Informal head and shoulders portrait of a girl at Meridi.
218 An Azande girl at Meridi wearing a grass bustle.
219 Azande.
220 A debauched mission youth at Meridi.
221 [Azande youth].
222 [Members of the Logwi tribe]. A caption on the previous album page (with a hand-drawn arrow to this page) reads: 'Logwi Tribe taken between Yei [Eastern Equatoria, Southern, Sudan] and Arua in Uganda. They live in the corner where the Congo, Sudan and Uganda meet. Wo wearing aprons of watch chains [sic]'.
223 [Members of the Logwi tribe]. A caption on the previous album page (with a hand-drawn arrow to this page) reads: 'Logwi Tribe taken between Yei [Eastern Equatoria, Southern, Sudan] and Arua in Uganda. They live in the corner where the Congo, Sudan and Uganda meet. Wo wearing aprons of watch chains [sic]'.
224 [Members of the Logwi tribe]. A caption on the previous album page (with a hand-drawn arrow to this page) reads: 'Logwi Tribe taken between Yei [Eastern Equatoria, Southern, Sudan] and Arua in Uganda. They live in the corner where the Congo, Sudan and Uganda meet. Wo wearing aprons of watch chains [sic]'.
225 One of my Labwor carriers, who afterwards became my servant.
226 Labwor.
227 Labwor.
228 Labwor women wearing another type of sporran, which is worn only by married women. The caption below the photograph continues: 'An oiled string fringe with loops of coloured beads in which blue predominates. Blue is a favourite colour amongst the Labwor. A drooping breast is considered here a sign of beauty'.
229 Labwor.
230 Labwor.
231 A young Karamojong girl at Kopoth. The caption below the photograph continues: 'The Owele worn by the Karamojong girls is longer and narrower than those worn by the Labwor, and the links are slightly larger and thinner. She has a heavy metal girdle; and dangling down one thigh a bunch of soda water sparklets, which are well polished with constant swinging against an oily leg. The metal trimming to her leather skirt can just be seen between her legs'.
232 Labwor.
233 Labwor and Karamojong men wear this type of chignon. The caption to the left of the photograph continues: 'This one has several little vent holes. The clay covering is wearing off and showing the ancestral hair underneath, His necklace (Agira) is made of white metal'.
234 A cheerful Labwor youth wearing a tikitik.
235 A typical Karamojan headdress, as worn by the older men. The caption at the top of the album page continues: 'The chignon is the same style as the Labwor, but attached to this is a curved hoop - very springy, made from rib bones of buck. These are carefully tapered and bound tightly with leather. A large bauble of ostrich feathers is fixed to the free end of the hoop which is kept in position by string'.
236 A typical Karamojan headdress, as worn by the older men. The caption at the top of the album page continues: 'The chignon is the same style as the Labwor, but attached to this is a curved hoop - very springy, made from rib bones of buck. These are carefully tapered and bound tightly with leather. A large bauble of ostrich feathers is fixed to the free end of the hoop which is kept in position by string'.
237 A Labwor boy. Informal head and shoulders portrait. The caption below the photograph continues: 'He has probably had a piece [sic] of ear cut off as a punishment for loosing a head of cattle he has been herding. This is only supposition'.
238 A young Labwor girl at Keru in the Labwor Mountains, with rather Mongolian features. The caption on the album page continues: 'Her hair is matted with black oil, and small plates of white metal are attached for ornamentation. (The Jolloff girls - a tribe in Gambia and Senegal have a similar headdressing.) A lip plug of metal (Egidur) is worn both by the men and women'.
239 A young Labwor girl at Keru in the Labwor Mountains, with rather Mongolian features. The caption on the album page continues: 'Her hair is matted with black oil, and small plates of white metal are attached for ornamentation. (The Jolloff girls - a tribe in Gambia and Senegal have a similar headdressing.) A lip plug of metal (Egidur) is worn both by the men and women'.
240 The same girl. The caption on the album page continues: 'She is wearing a sporran called tiang; this is worn only by married women. This is a small leather square, decorated with beads and cowrie shells. All the women both Labwor and Karamojongs wear a long leather skirt like this. Extra peices [sic] of leather are sewn in to the shirt [skirt ?] to give a full effect, and usually trimmed with thick beads of copper and iron. The Turkana women also wear this style'.
241 The same girl. The caption on the album page continues: 'She is wearing a sporran called tiang; this is worn only by married women. This is a small leather square, decorated with beads and cowrie shells. All the women both Labwor and Karamojongs wear a long leather skirt like this. Extra peices [sic] of leather are sewn in to the shirt [skirt ?] to give a full effect, and usually trimmed with thick beads of copper and iron. The Turkana women also wear this style'.
242 The same girl. The caption on the album page continues: 'She is wearing a sporran called tiang; this is worn only by married women. This is a small leather square, decorated with beads and cowrie shells. All the women both Labwor and Karamojongs wear a long leather skirt like this. Extra peices [sic] of leather are sewn in to the shirt [skirt ?] to give a full effect, and usually trimmed with thick beads of copper and iron. The Turkana women also wear this style'.
243 A Labwor man carries a message in a split stick inserted into the vent hole of his chignon. The caption to the right of the photograph continues: '...his hands must be absolutely free in case he has occasion to use his spears. Note the disc shaped knife on his wrist. This is called - Abul'.
244 A Labwor man carries a message in a split stick inserted into the vent hole of his chignon. The caption to the right of the photograph continues: '...his hands must be absolutely free in case he has occasion to use his spears. Note the disc shaped knife on his wrist. This is called - Abul'.
245 Labwor.
246 A leather cumiband, with a metal fringe called Alau, which is sometimes worn by the Labwor men.
247 This type of headdressing is worn by the young Karamojong men. The caption below the photograph continues: 'A kind of string basket well stuffed with ancestral hair. The Chari or chain handing down behind reaches almost to the waist: at the end of this is a small tuft of goats hair. At dances, if the wearer can manage to swing it, and touch the girl he fancies with the tuft, he is entitled to spend the night with her'.
248 A leather cumiband, with a metal fringe called Alau, which is sometimes worn by the Labwor men.
249 The rogue. The album page is entitled: 'Labwor'.
250 The cheerful rogue. The album page is entitled: 'Labwor'.
251 My Labwor carriers resting on the way from Loirwoit to Kotido - 35 miles. The caption to the left of the photograph continues: 'We are in a huge basin of dry windswept plains with rugged hills all round: the nearest being Tororr about 25 miles away. I was reminded of the lesser Karroo in South Africa. . Owing to the unusual rains, I did not have to carry much water here. One load is made up of two empty five gallon drums'. The album page is entitled: 'Labwor'.
252 A Labwor. The caption below the photograph continues: '[obscured] ...at Keru. [obscured] ...make the most beautiful [obscured]... spears in Africa [? obscured] ... only a stone...[obscured]'.
253 Working the bellows inside a low roofed open hut, which is only used by the blacksmiths.
254 This girl at Keru is wearing a chain sporran called - Owele. The caption below the photograph continues: 'This kind is worn by all the older unmarried women. The small boy on the right is wearing a - Kicholchol made from sections of dry coarse grass and seeds from trees. The Labwor are most skilled blacksmiths. This sporran has been made locally with locally mined iron.'.

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