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Trinity/Add.Ms.c contains:
<-- See earlier
88 William Whewell: correspondence
89 William Whewell: correspondence
90 William Whewell: correspondence
91 William Whewell: correspondence
92 Replies to invitations to dinner at Trinity
93 Henry Sidgwick: letters received A-F
94 Henry Sidgwick: letters received G-O
95 Henry Sidgwick: letters received P-Y
96 Henry Sidgwick: notes, lectures and student excercises
97 Henry Sidgwick: publications
98 Henry Sidgwick: out-letters
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Additional Manuscripts c

Title Henry Sidgwick: letters received A-F
Reference 93
Covering Dates 1859–1900
Extent and Medium 1 box
Trinity/Add.Ms.c/93 contains:
1 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. On books recommended for reading in relation to medieval Ethics, including Gass' Geschichte der Christlichen Ethik, a volume of lectures by Neander, and Bettmann's Geschichte der Christichen Seite.. Gives opinion as to the merits of each. Recommends especially Histoire des auteurs Ecclesiastiques in 22 vols. by Ceillier, and 'the new edition' of Havreau. Mentions also Winter's book on the Ethics of the School of Alexandria and Jourdain's book on St Thomas. In relation to Hartmann's Phenomenology, claims it to be 'rude and spare' in the treatment of medieval theory, and comments that HS's 'enemy' Guyau 'knows nothing about it.' Mentions that his inability to verify the titles of his suggestions is due to the fact that he is ill in bed at the time of writing.
1 doc.
18 Mar [ ]
2 Lord Acton to HS. Critique of Sidgwick's treatise on medieval Ethics, for which Acton had recommended certain authors. Discusses a possible title. Points out certain shortcomings in the work, such as HS's failure to acknowledge that Christianity did triumph over Eastern paganism, and his [HS's] insularity as reflected in the work.
1 doc.
29 Mar [ ]
3 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Written before his [Acton's] departure for Rome with his son. Discusses writings of Fouillee, Hahler and Heinze, in relation to Socrates' philosophy. Comments on HS's own attitude to Socrates and ethics. Explanation of Probabilism; role of the latter in the philosophies of the Jesuits and Ultramontaines [who adhered to its principles], and of the centralised orders of Benedictines, Oratorians and Dominicans [who were against it]. .
1 doc.
n.d.
4 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Informs him that he has been offered the Seeley Chair at Cambridge. .
1 doc.
18 Feb 1895
5 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Writes to decline graciously an invitation given by HS and others. Cites pressures of work as reason for inability to accept. .
1 doc.
7 Nov 1895
6 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Plans for the writing and publishing of a general modern history ['in many volumes'] to be entitled The Cambridge Modern History. Asks HS to contribute a chapter on the philosophers of the seventeenth century, and gives details of its desired structure. Asks for recommendations for an author of a chapter on the scientific ideas 'of the present age'. .
1 doc.
21 Nov 1896
7 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Letter and enclosed typescript draft of list of contents for planned volumes of modern history. Discusses plans for its publication, possible problems in relation to the division of categories and HS's own chapter. 'First List of Contents' accompanies the letter, in which are laid out the titles of each chapter in the twelve volumes of the work. (2 docs).
1 doc.
25 Nov 1896
8 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Acton's requirements of HS in relation to his chapter in The Cambridge Modern History . .
1 doc.
[ ] Dec 1896
9 Lord Acton Henry Sidgwick. On the contents of HS's proposed chapter in The Cambridge Modern History. Expresses desire that 'the history of human thought is not to be dissociated from the history of human action.' Discusses the importance of the chapter, and the necessity of its writing. .
1 doc.
8 Aug 1898
10 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. On the contents and title of HS's proposed chapter in The Cambridge Modern History. Proposes that it should be called 'Political Philosophy'. Refers to other related chapters of the work, such as that on Machiavelli and another on revolutionary theory in the sixteenth century. Also refers to disagreement between himself and HS on some aspects of the thinking of Bacon, Descartes and Hobbes.
1 doc.
28 Sep 1898
11 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. His reactions as a 'mere historian' to the 'annals' and Durkheim's Revue. Discusses HS's chapter in The Cambridge Modern History; their disagreement in relation to Bacon and Descartes and the development of modern politics. Also mentions Locke and Hobbes. .
1 doc.
14 Mar 1899
12 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Sends some [ ] [not included]. Discusses his difficulties with the following term, during which he is to be in London a lot. Asks for advice as to how he may manage his time. .
1 doc.
25 Nov 1897
13 Lord Acton to Henry Sidgwick. Letter accompanying books on early Florence [not included]. Refers to an essay by Hopf on Venice in the Taschenbuch, and Webster's work. .
1 doc.
n.d.
14 Clifford Allbutt to Henry Sidgwick. Typescript with additions in ink. Expresses gratitude for their time spent together, discussing Shakespeare. Refers to the effect of literature on the reader, with reference to both Shakespeare and Dante, and discusses the grotesque in tragedy with reference to the former.
1 doc.
16 Oct 1897
15 Richard J. Ely, secretary of the American Economic Association, to Henry Sidgwick. Informs him of his election as an honorary member of the American Economics Association; twenty five such elections are made every year from among 'foreign economists of distinction.'.
1 doc.
2 Jun1887
16 R. D. Archer-Hind to Henry Sidgwick. Discussion of grammatical composition a work in Greek by Anna [ ]. .
1 doc.
16 Oct 1885
17 Matthew Arnold to Henry Sidgwick. Letter accompanies the new edition of his book [not included]. Gives reasons for not having yet produced a promised dissertation as pressures of work, but states that when it does appear it will to be found in the Contemporary Review. He hopes that HS will read it. .
1 doc.
29 Apr 1874
18 Matthew Arnold to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for sending his book to him. Expresses his eagerness to read it. .
1 doc.
19 Dec 1874
19 W. [J.] Ashley to Henry Sidgwick. Asks to HS to use his influence to support an appeal sent by the President of the University of Toronto to the Vice Chancellor of Cambridge for financial assistance for the restoration of the university's library. Gives some information on the structure and size of the institution, and emphasises its importance as an establishment of higher education in 'British North America'. Refers to the advantages of strengthening links between 'the old and the new country.' .
1 doc.
25 Feb 1890
20 F[rancis] M[aitland] Balfour to Henry Sidgwick. Accepts invitation to breakfast on Wednesday morning. Gives 'Arthur's direction' [Arthur James Balfour] in Eaton Terrace, and his future 'direction' in Essex. .
1 doc.
[1871/2]
21 W. [Bagehot] to Henry Sidgwick. Accepts invitation to see HS on Saturday 6 December. .
1 doc.
27 Nov [ ]
22 Alexander Bain to Henry Sidgwick. Discussion of HS's work on ethics [Methods of Ethics, 1874]. Congratulates him on choosing 'the least occupied ground of Ethics'. Comments on his view on ancient ethics, his comparison of 'Pleasure and Desire', his discussion on free will, his notion of common sense as the basis of utility, and his treatment of ethics in relation to 'the exaggerations of the Christian Morality'. Expresses a wish to review the work at greater length, but other work prevents him. Ends by congratulating HS on a 'perfect logical handling of every topic' and remarks that the work will 'bring to the test the condition of the speculative mind of our public at the present time'. .
1 doc.
17 Jan 1875
23 Alexander Bain to Henry Sidgwick. Having read HS's 'Supplement', pronounces it an improvement on his work [on ethics], which had been so popular as to merit a second edition. Refers to Plato and Aristotle as being out-dated and only of historical curiosity. Remarks on HS being a 'disciple of Butler, and praises his addition in '"The Relation of Ethics to Politics"', as well as his paper on the '"Classics"', [Classics, Essays and Periods], which he recommended to the Scotch University Commissioners. Expresses the hope that the latter will bring about the 'relaxing of the present Arts Curriculum'. .
1 doc.
n.d.
24 Alexander Bain to Henry Sidgwick. In response to a grammatical difficulty in framing M[ ], Bain sends a book entitled Companion to the Higher Grammar [not included]. .
1 doc.
20 May [1886]
25 Alexander Bain to HS. Acknowledges receipt of HS's work on the History of Ethics. Enquires as to whether Fyfe, the professor of moral philosophy [at Aberdeen] has received a copy of it, and suggests that one also be sent to Reverend W. L. Davidson, author of the Logic of Definition., whose address he gives. .
1 doc.
2 Aug 1886
26 W. H. Bateson [Master of St. John's College] to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses his high regard of HS's work. .
1 doc.
7 Dec 1872
27 Thomas S. Baynes to Henry Sidgwick. Praises HS's article on Ethics.
1 doc.
5 June 1878
28 Lydia Becker to Mrs Sidgwick. Refers to the existence in Cambridge of a committee dedicated to women's suffrage, and its habit of sending of the Women's Suffrage Journal to Members of Parliament and the press on a monthly basis. The secretary of the committee, Mrs B[ ], has informed Mrs Becker that the practice will be discontinued by her committee after February, and the latter asks Mrs Sidgwick where there are 'any friends' in Cambridge, who could take over. She sends a copy of the journal [not included]. .
1 doc.
12 Jan 1889
29 Sir Hugh Bell to Henry Sidgwick. Asks where can be found a 'good and intelligible statement of the bimetallist's view. Mentions that his father was talking to Mr Henry G[renfell] on the subject [of bimetallism]. .
1 doc.
7 Jun 1887
30 [ ] Benfey to Henry Sidgwick. In German. .
1 doc.
n.d.
31 Walter Besant to Mrs Sidgwick. Apologises for mistake, which has been corrected. .
1 doc.
3 July 1897
32 Mary [Minnie] Benson to Henry Sidgwick. Reaction to the news that HS is to be married; delighted for him and eager to hear more. Proclaims her recent conversion to 'real belief' in Jesus Christ. Sends on 'warmest love' from Edward Benson, who reports that 'Mr Balfour', the brother of HS's fiance, 'had the rooms he had.' Encloses an item for her [not included]. .
1 doc.
15 Dec [ ]
33 T. R. Birks to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for sending him a copy of his new work, the Methods of Ethics, which he is eager to read. Regrets not having given the lectures that he had proposed to give. .
1 doc.
[1874? ]
34 James Bonar to Henry Sidgwick. Informs HS that 'Kimberley' says that Political Economy must remain as it is, on the programme of the India Civil Service men. Expresses admiration for present government, but professes enjoyment of the consequences of Balfour's possible attack in relation to this matter. .
1 doc.
16 Mar 1893
35 James Bonar to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses regret at HS's withdrawal 'from the Chair'. Recounts how, more than twenty years ago, Toynbee and he read HS's Methods of Ethics together and likened his [HS's] writings to those of Aristotle. .
1 doc.
3 Jul 1900
36 Adam W. Black to Henry Sidgwick. Reports his admiration of HS's work the Elements of Politics, which he has just finished reading. Makes special mention of the chapter on the distribution of power. Suggests a work that would be accessible to the 'higher section' of the working class. .
1 doc.
30 Oct 1891
37 J. S. Blackie to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's paper in the Cambridge Philosophical Journal on the [Sephils]. Picks out two themes relating to the Sophists and to Socrates and discusses them. .
1 doc.
14 Dec [ ]
38 Elizabeth Blackwell to Henry Sidgwick. Regrets being unable to attend the social gathering of the Psychical [Research] Society the following day. Asks HS to convey her gratitude to the president of the society for the work being carried out. .
1 doc.
24 Oct 1889
39 Charles, Lord Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses gratitude for work sent to him by HS. .
1 doc.
n.d.
40 Charles, Lord Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses satisfaction at the conclusion reached by HS about 'B[egin]'. States his intention to attend to all of his criticisms in time. Discusses structure and syntax, and refers to a line from Eclogue 9. .
1 doc.
n.d.
41 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS being in Scotland, and to the fact that Tawney is there with him. Reports that he wrote to Fisher, 'telling him of matters [HS] could naturally be interested in hearing about'. Regrets his absence, and that of 'Fish', '[ ]' and 'Brandreth', and states that 'Cambridge was shamefully represented'. Expresses his delight with HS's D[ ], and asks him what he intends to write for Christmas. Refers to HS's 'Epigram', and that of Trevelyan, Holmes and [Hope] Edwards. Expresses his intention of going to the sea soon, and of going to Brandreth for a few days. Refers to his reading of Tacitus and Plato. Reports that he tells every old Cambridge man he meets 'about the Commission, that they have [sent] down the statutes, not only [ ] the celibacy of the fellows, but actually establishing a community of women!' Intends to spend September at Trinity College. Disappointed by the news of another fellowship vacancy, 'if not two, which must delight the heart of J. W. Clarke, but spoils the chance for next year.' Refers to Cooper having taken [Kendal], George B[ ] Hatfield, and Hardy 'that little living with the hard name near Cambridge'. Complains that the sizeable number of Oxford men there 'bore one to death', and reports that one of them is going to read with HS's brother. Sends his regards to H[ ] and Tawney, and congratulations to the latter on his [ ]. .
1 doc.
[Summer 1858]
42 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to [ ] Cruikshank, and predicts that HS 'will like him'. Mentions HS's German expedition; encourages him to keep up his German and refers to a translation of [Ewald.] Invites him to come to visit on the following Sunday week, and states his intention of going to Cambridge sometime during the term. Refers to an acquaintance from Cheltenham. Expresses regret at [Cowell]'s illness. Reports of being engaged in a review of [Harkinson], which is very taxing. Mentions the few days spent with Cruikshank, and also time spent playing cricket in the Isle of Wight. .
1 doc.
29 Oct [1860]
43 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses regret at being able to 'come up' neither the following day, nor during the remainder of the term; he must go to Marlborough. Enquires as to when 'Donne's and Smith's' dinners might be. Asks HS to write 'a line or two to explain what the state of the case is' in relation to a book that he is revising. Asks HS to tell [ ] that he got leave to write 'the Macaulay article' should he want to, and that he would like to know whether '[ ] will have it or not'. Asks HS to return some books to the Varsity Library. Enquires as to whether he has seen Farrar's book on Language [Farrer (1868) An Essay on the Origins of Language. States that he is writing a [laudation] of long sermons. Refers to Odd People, a book by [ ] Reid, which he has drawn on. .
1 doc.
n.d.
44 [ ] to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to Holland, about which he has spoken to many people. Invites HS to 'come down here Saturday week for Sunday' to hear [Milton] preach. Promises to show him various items, including a piece of soap. Mentions a speech he made the other day, and its effect on his audience. Refers to Butler, and to the fact that he preaches good sermons. Mentions that he has just heard from Tawney, 'who makes allusions in a stupid sort of way to something or other somewhere'. States that he intends to come up 'for some Sunday'. Asks HS to find out some information for him, and refers to Tansey. States that he has had 'a long talk' with Watson. Asks HS if he ever made him a member of [Christ] Club. Pronounces the article on the Plato 'stupid', and asks who wrote it. Expresses a wish that HS had seen the [ ] chapter in Julian [Hume] before he had looked over it. Declares Vaughan's 'Essays and R[ ]' to be good. States that [John Ellis] has got a promotion to Department Commissioner. Asks HS to send Synge and [ ]. .
1 doc.
n.d.
45 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a letter sent to him [Bowen] by a correspondent [Willmot], and regrets that he cannot send it on to HS. Bowen alludes to some of the contents of the letter; [Willmot] denies having broken his promise and states that a very few men 'do know about the society, without his telling them, and blame us with some show of justice for [ ] keeping the secret to ourselves.' Bowen is indignant at the fact that the writer broke his promise and 'behaved badly to us.' The writer advises that 'the day of meeting' should be changed. Asks HS to write and tell him how he gets on 'in all respects'. Asks whether he is writing himself [ ] for Macmillan, and asks when he intends to come and see him [Bowen]. Asks after Tawney. States that he is just back from his tour in France, which was very short 'but very pleasant'. States his intention of writing for the B[ ] again.
1 doc.
n.d.
46 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Praises HS as a correspondent. Thanks him for the [Tripos Verses in a letter of Jan. 1859], which are, in Bowen's opinion, 'quite up to the mark and as classical as Trevelyan's'. Asks for 'certain stanzas in [ ] metre, and asks for news of 'what will be going on in whose rooms Saturday week.' Announces intention of coming up 'some Sunday'. Mentions 'an essay of [Lowell's], and asks when the dinner is. Espresses desire that 'all three' of them are going from Harrow this time. Mentions having enjoyed young [ ]'s visit, and that he saw a couple more Cambridge [fellows] on Saturday - Northing and Barclay. Expresses wish to invite Synge sometime. The latter is to be married two weeks hence. Mentions having received 'an amusing letter' from Willmot. Swears that he did not say a word to Vaughan, or to anybody who could have mentioned it to him, about HS having 'shut him up so by [his] overpowering aspect of intellectual exaltation the day [they] met him'. Mentions the 'Bertrams', and the fact that he is 'doing the Philosophy of Induction', about which he is somewhat disappointed. Exhorts HS to buy and read Fremde's essay on The book of Job in 'Chapman's Library for the people'. .
1 doc.
[1859]
47 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Mentions 'E. W'. Asks when the dinner is. Mentions that he received a note from [Madley]. Thanks HS for news, and expresses regret at Willmot's situation. Invites HS to come over on Sunday evening. In response to HS's invitation, says he cannot go then, but 'will come next year.' Expresses surprise at the news that M[ ] was going to Eton. Asks HS to take [ ]'s place at Marlborough. Asks whether Butler sent him back [ ]'s letter. Relates that Ernest [ ] 'has come home and is settled down in Yorkshire.' Refers to HS not having mentioned the [ ] [ ] of the society. Tells him that Holman Hunt's picture is worth seeing. .
1 doc.
n.d.
48 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Asks HS to ponder with himself and with Bowen when he comes up, the 'subject of charity'. Gives a list of pros and cons in relation to the giving of charity. .
1 doc.
n.d.
49 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Tells HS to send two dozen [ ] to Rev. H. Palmer. Thinks that HS's remarks on the theologies of Germany very interesting. Mentions having spent some time with Rev. J. C. Ryle, who he believes to be 'the first tractologist of the day'. Refers to his 'Deborah' as being intended for limited circulation, and asks HS how he heard about it. Mentions the Historical Review. In relation to 'Christie', he suggests writing to the Times abusing him ['Christie'] and 'correcting a lot of statements, [ ] Tennyson and Maurice and H[ ] and claiming a lot of other men...' Gives some advice in relation to 'Fellow Commoners'. .
1 doc.
n.d.
50 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to letter from his brother [Charles Bowen] about philosophy, which discussed contracts and nations, and to his reply, which discussed public and private trust. Asks HS about his plans for the Christmas holidays. .
1 doc.
n.d.
51 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Remarks on the fact that HS is doing[ ] Fellowship and 2 tutorial [ ]. Mentions that [Young] has been to see him, and has advised him not to bring in the 'oath'. Asks HS for his opinion and discusses the matter, and asks him, if they have it this year, to ensure that it is carried on the following year. Mentions HS, 'Jackson', 'C[ ]', 'H[ ]' and 'W.P.C.', and that 'Young' says that he will add his name. Tells HS to write a petition to the Queen in Council, praying for liberty to amend the statutes relating to the college and oath-taking. .
1 doc.
n.d.
52 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Speaks about the death of his brother, [Charles Bowen], and speaks of him with affection. Discusses having a picture of him done. Regrets that he can't come to the dinner this year. .
1 doc.
5 June 1894
53 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Writes that he has just seen Lady Brown, his sister-in-law, who had already been in communication with Horace Davey about a portrait of her late husband. Mentions two photographers who have taken good photographs. .
1 doc.
n.d
54 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Praises HS for having dealt with' the humble hesitations of an outsider.' Gives his own opinions on the matter of women in university. Refers to a comment made by an acquaintance to the effect that women don't make any difference to the university except that 'they always take up the best places in the lectures.' .
1 doc.
24 Apr [ ]
55 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Acknowledges having read HS's letters about women in universities in the Times and discusses the matter. .
1 doc.
2 May [ ]
56 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Regrets having missed HS when he [Bowen] came to visit him during his holidays. Mentions HS's illness. Announces that he is going up to Trevelyan's for a short visit. .
1 doc.
5 Aug [ ]
57 E. E. Bowen to Henry Sidgwick. Writes that he is staying with Trevelyan. Expresses wish for HS's recovery from his illness. Refers to letters that HS wished to see. Announces that he is going to Ireland and is to be back at Harrow a week or two thereafter. .
1 doc.
16 Aug [ ]
58 Rev. H. Brandreth to Henry Sidgwick. Entreats HS not to be persuaded by 'O.B.'? [Oscar Browning, representing Eton in the Apostles] or by anyone else that 'these lists represent the ordinary condition of the school.' Refers to mathematics, and a comparison with Rugby. .
1 doc.
28 Jul 1860
59 Rev. H. Brandreth to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's desire 'to make a motion for improving tuition', and to his own intention of 'bringing on a vote'. Expresses dismay at the 'dull indifference' with which the duties of masters at Cambridge should carry out in relation to their students are regarded. Speaks of the university's intended mission to contribute to religion, education and learning., and refers to 'King on Gems.' and 'Lightfoot on Galatians'. Discusses funding given to students, and proposes that 'the names of the colleges should be dropped in lists now private tutors do the work.' Refers to the cost of tuition and surmises that 'the minimum cost would be as low as impossible if men were not forced to pay for lectures which they do not want.' Proposes that the viva voce be examined by paper, and that each subject have its own Praelector. Concludes by asking HS for his opinion on the translation of a passage in Greek. .
1 doc.
21 Oct 1867
60 Edward G. Browne to Henry Sidgwick. Writes in relation to a proposal, addressed to HS, that he, [Browne], act as interpreter/translator of Oriental languages for the government. States that he would agree to carry out the work 'as far as Persian is concerned', considering himself not adequate to the task in relation to Arabic and Turkish. Puts down certain conditions to be agreed to for his undertaking of the work, including that it not interfere unduly with his university commitments, and that he may be permitted to select from amongst his students one person to assist him in the work. Discusses his strong feelings on the subject of Oriental Studies, and the attitude of the government in relation to it. .
1 doc.
26 Jan 1892
61 Edward G. Browne to Henry Sidgwick. States that he returned the previous Sunday to England from Constantinople, where he had spent 12 days and had seen, amongst others, Sir Philip Currie, Mr Black and Professor [Vambery]. Refers to Currie's views on student interpreters from Cambridge, the development of Oriental Studies at that university, as well as his attitude to the proposed introduction of Bulgarian, which he hoped to remove in due course, into the course. It was the opinion of Mr Block [a Turkish scholar] that the men should be trained in Constantinople rather than in England. Discusses the situation regarding the dropping of Bulgarian and the proposal that �100 be paid to himself for teaching Turkish; declares that his conscience would not allow him to take a salary for the teaching of that language to the student interpreters. Refers to his strong feelings on the subject of Cambridge being excluded from 'her proper share in the public services, and put aside once more in favour of Oxford', and to his willingness to render service to the University without expecting a pecuniary award in return. Admits to being more knowledgeable about Persian than Turkish, and to be more interested in the latter also. Refers to Dr Wells, who, he believes, is more learned in Turkish than he, and who would be a valuable addition to the Oriental School at Cambridge. Believes that for the practical teaching of Oriental languages it is very desirable to have a native 'repetiteur'. Hopes to call on HS the following Sunday. Repeats advice to take on Dr Wells as a Turkish lecturer, and states that if he [Browne] is to continue teaching Turkish himself, he must have the help of 'and educated Turk' to make it a success. .
1 doc.
23 Apr 1896
62 James, Lord Bryce to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses concern for the state of HS's health and wishes him a speedy recovery. Asks for permission to dedicate to HS, 'in commemoration of a friendship which has been so precious [to him]' , the collection of lectures and essays on jurisprudence and history, which he intends to publish soon. .
1 doc.
25 Aug 1900
63 Robert Buchanan to Henry Sidgwick. Asks HS to accept an enclosed copy of the 'Book of [Sorrow]' [not included]. Says that [Roden] Noel showed HS's letter to him, and expresses delight that HS liked his work. Claims not to mind that he did not like his Poems, and expresses gratitude for HS 'standing by my side when [he] really needed "backing"'. Refers to Noel and his poetry. .
1 doc.
3 Jul 1870
64 Ernest A. W. Budge to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to his [Budge's] application for an interpretership, which would be 'an independent means of getting [his] living.' Relates having written to Mr Gladstone, who in turn agreed to write to the Speaker on his behalf in relation to his application. Intends going to Newcastle on the following Wednesday. Expresses thanks to HS for his assistance in the matter. .
1 doc.
2 Jul 1882
65 Ernest A. W. Budge to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for letting him keep two volumes of the Arabic text of the Arabian Nights, which he had lent to him some years previously. Relates how he had taken one of the volumes to Bagdad [sic] that year and 'read many stories on the actual spot where the events narrated are supposed to have taken place.' As he has become so attached to the books, begs HS to sell him the set. Reports that he has obtained '800 good cuneiform tablets of the period of 2300 B.C. from Hellah, and from Egypt, among other things', and that he bought 'the largest and most valuable Book of the Dead known.' .
1 doc.
14 Jun 1888
66 Ernest A. W. Budge to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for letting him keep the volumes of Arabian Nights, and expresses desire to collect the remainder as soon as possible. Hopes that HS will find time 'to see the papyrus and tablets.' Informs him that the Treasury has given him a gratuity of �150 for his services on the first mission to Egypt, and the second to Egypt and Bagdad [sic]. .
1 doc.
16 Jul 1888
67 H. Montagu Butler, Vice Chancellor, Master of Trinity College, to HS. Expresses the gratitude of the College to HS for his 'recent munificent gift of Fifteen Hundred Pounds towards the expense of the proposed new Buildings for the Department of Physiology.' .
1 doc.
2 Dec 1889
68 Edward Caird to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for sending him his book on ethics. Comments on the work with reference to HS's views on the disinterestedness of pure animal appetite, and also to Kant's view of the [ideology] of will with practical reason. .
1 doc.
26 Dec 1874
69 Edward Caird to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a volume of Browning in his possession, which belongs to HS. Sends his regards to Mrs Sidgwick. .
1 doc.
20 Oct 1889
70 John Caird to Henry Sidgwick. Excuses delay in acknowledging receipt of HS's copy of Methods of Ethics,, which the latter sent to him, and cites illness as an excuse for the delay. States that he has not yet had a chance to read the work, but that his brother Edward has. Encloses 'an address recently delivered here, of which at least the subject is of some interest [not included]. .
1 doc.
9 Feb 1875
71 J. E. Cairnes to Henry Sidgwick. Acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Methods of Ethics, which HS sent to him. Admits to having only read the table of contents and the chapter on 'the Free Will controversy.' Discusses the latter topic, and admits to holding more or less the same views on it as HS. Recalls a discussion with HS on the matter 'some four or five years ago.' Expresses hope that HS will visit him sometime between the time of his writing and the Spring. Refers to several points, 'moral and political', which he wishes to discuss with HS. .
1 doc.
20 Dec 1874
72 [A.] Caldecott to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses his gratitude for a photograph sent to him by HS, which 'will remind [him] of many happy hours in the [ ] lecture-room behind the Great Court where [HS] taught [himself and his fellow students] how to think.' .
1 doc.
16 Aug [ ]
73 W. K. Clifford to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's use of the phrase 'cosmic emotion' at breakfast in his rooms 'some time before /71', and to Ruskin's shortening of 'cosmopolitanism' with regard to a universal society or city of man. Remarks on Balfour's speculation on evolution, and his attitude thereto. Reports having 'a fine talk over Hutton the other day' and expresses the wish that HS had been there. .
1 doc.
25 Nov 1877
74 Sidney Colvin to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a conversation between the two that evening, during which was discussed the subject of '[mediumistic] performances'. Discusses the subject at length, in general and specifically with regard to its employment in police investigations. Refers to his conflict of opinion with HS on the subject, and to the latter's support of 'a grotesque and mischievous doctrine which professes to prove, by experiments practically assuming the point at issue, certain conjectures of the class long dominant concerning the nature of spirit and matter and their relation.' Concludes by saying that he believes that HS - for whose intellect he had had the most respect until that time - is 'countenancing a pack of confused and pestilent nonsense...', but hopes that their friendship will not suffer because of this disagreement. .
1 doc.
13 Apr [ ]
75 J. Conington,? to Henry Sidgwick. Informs HS that he Conington can give him a M[ ] nomination, which belongs to another life governor ['Albert's father']. Expresses his intention of being in Cambridge from Friday 11 [June] to Monday 14 [June], 'staying with Kennedy' and doesn't know if he will be able to meet up with any of his friends. Kennedy has mapped out his [Conington's] time to some extent; e.g., 'dining in Hall with Clark on Sunday'. Reports that he had a letter the previous day from Munro, 'formally announcing himself.', and that H. Smith 'had brought back news from Cambridge that he might very possibly not stand after all. Refers to another candidate [Price]. Comments on Munro's article, which he has read. Refers to Sidgwick's paper and the possible reaction of Oxford ontologists to it. Comments on Sidgwick's new Tripos scheme, and admits that he does not know 'what the points' of it are. Refers to the reaction to Latin Verse [in the Spectator]. As regards 'the new Journal', he claims that he has no time for reviewing, and therefore does not undertake to work for it. Concludes by announcing that 'Horace is done, and going to be printed.' [J. Conington (1861-8) Virgil; Horace on published posthumously] .
1 doc.
5 Jun 1869
76 J. Conington to Henry Sidgwick. Refers briefly to the subject of whether HS's friend 'wanted the nomination', and goes on to discuss his 'HS's Review of Carthope's Ludibrae Lunae, Spectator 7 Aug 1869?], and the poem itself. Found the review to be 'very good', and the tone of it to be 'excellent'. Refers to HS's Fellowship. In relation to Horace, claims that the work 'prints at a snail's pace' and informs HS that a third edition of the Aeneid is printing. .
1 doc.
16 Aug 1869
77 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's 'transcendental letter', and to the fact that he had read 'Clough and your [HS's] article.' He also read Amours de Voyage, which he likes better than what he read of Clough. Discusses the latter's humour. Informs HS of his intended movements over the Christmas holidays. .
1 doc.
26 Nov 1869
78 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Intends to be in London on 10th and hopes to go to [ ] the following day. Reports that their 'little Margaret is unwell'. Refers to HS's article on Clough, HS (1869) in Westminster Review, Oct. 1869, which he found interesting. Reports that he received a note from Arthur. Expresses fear that a new [ ] of Persian will not be established. Returns to the subject of Clough; refers to Runyan's [ ] Pantheism. .
1 doc.
31 Dec 1869
79 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for lending him the 'Abstracts'. Allusion to Dante's Commedia. Expresses inability to understand 'how a reasonable man believes in Relics', and refers to Cardinal John Henry Newman, who' has the art of [ ] absurdities without being absurd. .
1 doc.
20 May 1879
80 F.W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Reports his recent return from Rome, where his wife was nursing her sister Nelly. Expresses his delight (and that of his wife) at the news of HS's [honorary] fellowship at Trinity College. Explains that they are staying at Eton until the end of August and asks him whether he could come to see them at the end of his term. States that two things 'have given [him] great pleasure lately', one being 'the unmasking of Fremde in the papers, and the other being [ ]'s Wordsworth, which he just read., and which seems to him 'admirable as a piece of criticism'. .
1 doc.
5 May 1881
81 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for the three days they spent at Newnham. Refers to the 'question of Carlyle', and states that he doesn't agree with Fremde. Sends his greetings to Mrs Sidgwick. .
1 doc.
18 Apr 1882
82 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses his thanks to HS and to Mrs Sidgwick for their hospitality in Cambridge. Refers to 'the Road business'. Expresses the hope that his presence did not much interfere with HS's work, and looks forward to the appearance of 'Book 1 and Book 2' Claims to have found Arthur 'in good spirits and looking well'. Refers to Lux Mundi - a theological book, which Arthur had bought. .
1 doc.
25 Dec 1889
83 F. W. Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's paper [on Christianity]. States that he [Cornish] had used some of HS's other notes in his book, which he hopes to be published soon under the title of Sunning[ ]. Mentions that he missed W. H. Ward's letter about [Comprehension], and discusses the subject. States that he finds himself in agreement with John M[ ] and the Manchester Guardian and Daily Chronicle about [ ]. Refers also to [ ] Salisbury and Lord Burleigh. Sends greetings to Mrs Sidgwick. .
1 doc.
18 Feb 1899
84 [Mrs F.W.] Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. States that '[t]here are not two ideas in the book which I am sending to you' [not included], 'but there is one sentence belonging to you...and it one day seemed to suggest the image of Paradise...' References to Germans and Germany. Asks if [s]he will see HS the following week. Mentions Thackeray's petition. .
1 doc.
10 Jun [ ]
85 [Mrs F.W.] Cornish to Henry Sidgwick. Intends to go to the [Bernese Oberland] on the 14th of the month; they will be at Grindelwald on the 18th, and will stay there for about a week. Expresses desire to see HS, and asks him to come and see them on his way to M[ ]. Refers to Thackeray. .
1 doc.
10 Aug [ ]
86 Luigi [Corsa] to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for sending him his address at Aberdeen. Refers to the fact that HS is preparing the second edition of his book Principles of [Pol] [Ec], and expresses desire to be sent the work. Asks that his compliments be presented to Professor A. Marshall. .
1 doc.
29 Jan 1886
87 W. J. Courthope to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to HS's review of his work in the Spectator, and sends his thanks for his criticism. Asks HS to direct him to the points in his work where the latter claimed to have found 'slip-shod English', and to explain to him why his quotation from [Mrs] Blacklock denying the immortality of the soul was, in HS's opinion, 'beside the mark'. Aggrieved by HS's criticisms of his preface, in which the latter claimed that the author wished to be compared to Aristophanes and Pope. .
1 doc.
10 Aug 1869
88 W. J. Courthope to Henry Sidgwick. Writes in reply to HS's own reply to his letter of 10 August. Fears that HS may not have fully appreciated the fact that he [Courthope] was genuinely grateful for the review of his work. Refers to some points raised by HS in his reply and refers back to the review in the Spectator. Concludes by expressing his reply at the regard in which the Italian poet Tassoni is held by HS, who, according to Courthope, is one of the most negligent poets [he] know[s] in the construction of his story.' .
1 doc.
22 Aug 1869
89 W. J. Courthope to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for his letter with critique, which gave him 'great pleasure and satisfaction. Expresses regret that HS will not be reviewing his work this time. Refers again to his criticisms of his work, and to the works of Aristophanes. Claims to be 'horrified to find to what opinions [he] stand[s] committed on the subject of marriage' and mentions that he himself got married recently. .
1 doc.
2 Dec 1870
90 Leonard Courtney to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to Hare and claims that he is 'an entirely suitable person for a distinction of honour'. Mentions his presence in the public service. Concludes by writing 'I suppose we do not meet tonight in the P. E. Club.' .
1 doc.
3 Feb 1888
91 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS very much for offering to propose him as a member of the Dining Club, and asks clarification on some of the rules of membership. Encloses a letter from Tawney [not included]. He also received a letter from 'A. J. P.' [Patterson] Reports that he went with Payne to see Conklin, and has also seen Wilkinson, who gave him an introduction to [Home]. Asks HS how he is to return his two books to him. Refers to HS's 'prophecy about the Oriel fellowship' being fulfilled, and reports that his 'people' are due back the following week. In relation to the war he writes that he has heard that Francis Joseph Maximilian and Napoleon have agreed that Mexico is not to recognize the Confederate States; expresses regret at this news 'because it may prolong the war'. Declares that he is making 'a collection of tit-bits of atrocity for [his] future history' including Colonel Dahlgren's instructions, and also 'a choice morsel from New O.' Sends his love to Arthur. .
1 doc.
9 Apr [ ]
92 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Describes his journey to Paris and the accommodation that he had found for the two of them in the city. Recounts his meeting with 'Kardec' and his meetings with those to whom the latter introduced him, including two Russian noblemen who were engaged in 'spreading the doctrine [of spiritism] in Russia'. Describes drawings and engravings produced by spiritists, which were shown to him by Kardec. Describes the seance, presided over by Kardec, which he attended; the session commenced with a prayer, and the minutes of the previous meeting were read, followed by the reading by the respective mediums of various communications made by the different spirits (including St Augustine and a late member of the Society) who had been evoked at the previous meeting. A member of the society, Dr Ferru, then recounted his experience of his encounters with a spirit called Undine (who was evoked at the meeting and promised to return at the next). Then four or five mediums began to write down the several communications that they were receiving from various spirits. Reports that Kardec is to take him to a small meeting of spiritists that evening. Awaits the arrival of HS [on Tuesday morning] with impatience. .
1 doc.
21 Mar 1863
93 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Reports that an intended fishing trip to Scotland had to be cancelled because his father was taken ill with the gout. He is in Kent for three weeks, and has had time to reflect on the difference of opinion between himself and HS in relation to 'the invasion and devastation of the Southern States'. Urges HS to consult documents relating to the constitution of the United States and of the individual states. Discusses the attitude of both men to the war, in terms of morality, religion and political opinion. Sends some papers, including an article in Barker's Review [not included], on which he wishes to hear HS's opinion. Discusses sovereign and subject communities, and federalism, and refers to the divergent opinions of the two with regard to the justification of declaring war on states wishing to secede from the union, and on those refusing to abolish slavery. Reports that he has heard from Tawney, who sails from Gravesend for India on the following Monday. Cowell himself plans to go to Norfolk for a week the following Wednesday, and to spend the following ten days in Shropshire. Intends to be in London about 15 October, when he will 'begin reading with an Equity lawyer.' Tells HS to 'come and look for [him]' if he is town around that time. .
1 doc.
15 Sep 1863
94 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Informs HS that he will have to write to the Museum himself in order to obtain a reader's ticket; proposes that they write to the Head Librarian, and he encloses a letter accordingly [not included]. Reports the Hunts' arrival, but doubts that their presence will interfere with their plans for G[ ] S[ ]. .
1 doc.
19 Feb 1864
95 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Reports on his experiences at a seance the night before, in which his 'perserverance was rewarded by 10 raps at intervals varying from a quarter of a minute to 1, 2 and 3 minutes.' Recounts that he met Tommy ten minutes after he saw HS. The former had just returned from Chattanooga 'where he saw the battle of Nov. 26, 27, 28' [1863]. He says the South is being conquered'. Cowell declares that he is 'off to Hastings.' .
1 doc.
30 Jan [1864]
96 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Acknowledges receipt of HS's letter the previous day, and expresses regret that he would not see him that day as he has 'some very important and interesting news to tell [him]'. Tells HS to inform him as soon as he is settled in Cambridge. States that he only had seven days at Clifton as he was summoned back the previous Monday because his father was ill. Asks HS to find a Spiritist book that he lent to him entitled Le Docteur Houat, and asks him to write on it 'Henry Sidgwick 1865', and to send it on to him. Refers to 'Southern Independence' and owns to be 'full of pity and admiration; and of horror and burning indignation against the most wicked and hypocritical tyrants' who destroyed 'thirteen sovereign republics and subjugate[d] 8 millions of civilized men.' .
1 doc.
23 Apr 1865
97 Jermyn Cowell to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for his 'refreshing and fraternal letter'. Refers to his father's sudden death, and to the fact that he himself was near death from 19 to 23 February, during much of which time he was unconscious. Attributes his survival to the care of Moorsom and Rowland Williams. Relates that the day after HS left him he had a visit from [Home] Lyon, who visited him every day for a fortnight, and from whom he learned 'many marvels' about which he desires to talk to HS. Informs him that Lyon was 'continually regretting [HS's] absence from that seance at Mrs [ 's]. Promises to send a letter from Lyon on to him. Refers again to his father's death. Intends to stay where he is. Asks HS to ask [Rich. Clav.] Jebb to come and spend the last week of the Easter vacation with him, as he is aware that HS intends to go to Paris at Easter. Reports that his aunt is with him. .
1 doc.
13 Mar 1867
98 Edith Creak, headmistress of King Edward's High School for girls, Birmingham, to Henry Sidgwick. Explains that she had had no opportunity of seeing him when she was in Cambridge the previous week. Refers to 'that gathering of women' [at the funeral of Miss Clough], and remarks on the influence that they were exercising throughout the country and around the world. Remarks on the 'great work' that HS and she [Miss Clough] had wrought. Refers with affection and gratitude to the lessons she learnt at Cambridge. .
1 doc.
13 Mar 1892
99 Mandell Creighton, Bishop of Peterborough, to Henry Sidgwick. Writes on the subject of awarding degrees to women. Agrees with HS that 'things are not now as they were in 87'. Takes a fairly neutral stance on the issue, claiming that he would discourage any opposition to the request 'for a syndicate to consider the question'. Expresses concern at the interference of non-residents in University affairs, and discusses the importance of the University's constitution. .
1 doc.
12 Dec 1895
100 [Mandell Creighton] to Henry Sidgwick. Informs HS that the holidays have given him time to read the E[ ], which he had sent to him. Remarks that his analysis of 'Public Morality' 'clears up several matters'. Discusses the principles on which a historian ought to judge the actions of a statesman, claims that Acton 'does not face the difference...between the principles on which a statesman may act and those aforementioned historian's principles', and warns against the critic introducing his own presuppositions. Remarks that HS had not touched on the moral influence on the historian's generation of a public war, and uses Bismarck to illustrate his point. Agrees with HS about 'clerical veracity', and remarks that it is 'curious how the moral sense of the community has practically ruled out Rashdall's view.' States that he is enjoying 'this place' very much. .
1 doc.
13 Aug 1898
101 J. W. Cross to Henry Sidgwick. Acknowledges receipt of 'Vol II [of George Eliot's memoirs] and Your kind note', which he received the previous night. Praises HS's comments on the letters, and refers to their usefulness to him in their editing and arrangement. Informs him that it will be 'some days' before he sends volume III. .
1 doc.
24 Nov 1884
102 J. W. Cross to Henry Sidgwick. Sends Vol III [not included] of 'the Life' [of George Eliot, which he asks HS to read. Refers to 'the old association' between the latter and Eliot. Intends to send the volume off to press as soon as possible. States that no one outside his own family, aside from Lord Acton, has yet seen it. Claims that he shall feel it 'greatly strengthened by [HS's] revision' and does not know anyone 'whose judgment [his] wife wd. have trusted more.' .
1 doc.
11 Dec 1884
103 J. W. Cross to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses his happiness at the news that HS is recovering from his illness, and is convalescing at [ ]gate, which, he claims, has 'the finest air in England.' Expresses wish that HS and his wife could be with him on [Minchin]hampton Common, which he describes, and also that some of the 'Children of light' could join himself, Mr and Mrs [ ] and his sister Mary there. States that they often talk of HS and Mrs Sidgwick, and have been anxious to know how they have been getting on. Expresses the affection and friendship he feels for HS. .
1 doc.
22 July 1900
104 Ellen Darwin to Henry Sidgwick. Hopes that HS will not be bored to receive a letter from Switzerland, 'as Frank's mother always was.' Tells him of the great pleasure that she derived from reading the novel he recommended to her; The Confounding of Camelia, Alan Douglas Sedgwick (1899) Discusses the latter and its characters. Expresses her concern for HS's health; that his 'indigestion discomforts still continue.' Remarks that 'out here [in Switzerland]', she only gets 'the silliest novels to read' and is disappointed that she cannot read 'such silly ones as Miss Harrison'. Refers to John McCunn (1900) The Making of Character. Some Aspects of Ethics, the author of which 'quotes too much poetry sometimes'. Announces that they are going to Venice 'when Frank comes here in about a fortnight'. .
1 doc.
17 Aug [1900]
105 Kenelm Digby to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to their conversation about the teaching of law in the schools at Oxford, which he believes is not in a very satisfactory state. Discusses the required reading when he was examining - Stephens's Blackstone - as compared with the reading required today. Doubts that it is possible to 'make the school work satisfactorily as regards law', things being the way they are. Gives three reasons for this situation: the narrowness of the field examined; the insufficiency of the teaching; the lack of a suitable textbook. Refers to the relevance of the history of law. Laments the almost total lack of instruction in English Law in Oxford, and the unsatisfactory character of the examination. As regards international law, he does not think it to be a satisfactory subject, for two reasons: knowledge of Roman Law is required; a knowledge of modern European history is required. States the need for teachers and books, such as those by Austin and Bentham, and claims that Maine's Ancient law can be understood 'by any one of average intelligence'. .
1 doc.
5 Jan 1868
106 Rev. C. L. Dodgson to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for 'a full and clear reply', and claims that the latter's views 'exactly coincide' with his, in relation to the 'argument' in question. Asks HS who is the chief logician in his university. Recommends 'Magic Pens' to him. .
1 doc.
13 Mar 1894
107 Rev. C. L. Dodgson to Henry Sidgwick. Sends HS 'a fuller version' of a paper sent to him on 8 March [not included], and asks him to give his opinion as to the soundness of the reasoning. .
1 doc.
12 Mar 1894
108 Rev. C. L. Dodgson to Henry Sidgwick. Requests HS to give his opinion on a philosophical argument [included]. (2 docs).
1 doc.
8 Mar 1894
109 F. Y. Edgeworth to Henry Sidgwick. Writes in relation to the subject of taxation, and to their slight difference of opinion in the matter. Refers to the principles of William Sidgwick, to common expenditure, the burden of taxation, direct taxation and taxation on commodities. .
1 doc.
8 Mar 1898
110 C. W. Eliot (President of Harvard University) to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses the pleasure he derived from meeting HS and hearing his talk 'upon subjects which have a keen interest' for him. Thanks him for his hospitality, and expresses his eagerness to see any of HS's friend who may go to Boston and Cambridge. Includes his postal address. .
1 doc.
17 Mar 1874
111 M. A. Lewes (n�e Evans), to Henry Sidgwick. States that she would be happy to see Mr Myers with him any Sunday. Claims that HS's judgment about what she does will always be a matter of interest to her. Maintains that she finds it difficult to undertake to represent 'the actions of those small but potent social conditions which have hitherto been most neglected by art.' .
1 doc.
5 Feb 18[7]2
112 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Reminds him that they are in town, and invites him to come and lunch with them. Refers to HS's work and expresses hope that 'it is making progress.' .
1 doc.
24 Nov 1873
113 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Includes a quotation, [relating to 'A' and 'B', the university, a scholarship and a vacancy], of all she wants to say 'on the subject [they] spoke of.' .
1 doc.
5 Apr 1875
114 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Invites him to breakfast with them on Tuesday morning. Sends on the regards of 'W. Lewes'. .
1 doc.
16 May 1877
115 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses her gratitude to him and announces that she must 'give up the scholarship affair'. Discusses ideas for her writing, including two characters - 'A' and 'B' - and their university life. .
1 doc.
26 Apr 1875
116 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to her writing and regrets the 'imperfection of [her] experience, and of [her] knowledge generally'. Asks HS of his own experiences in writing. Had planned to leave leave town on 4 [June], but a problem with the house prevents them. Reports that she has been 'so much of an invalid lately' and that she is looking forward to the peace of the country.' A compensation for staying in town an extra week, she says, would be the pleasure of seeing friends. .
1 doc.
27 May 1875
117 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Reports that her illness is preventing her from seeing any of her friends. Expresses her desire to 'institute some sort of Educational instrumentality which will be a help to poor students of the subjects in which [her] husband was most interested...to be called by his name.' Seeks advice on this project from HS and Professor Stuart. Refers to a report in the Times on the meeting on University Teaching at the Mansion House, and concludes that a greater knowledge of the work of the London Society for the Extension of University Teaching would assist her in her plans. She intends to devote four or five thousand pounds to the purpose. Asks HS to discuss the matter with Professor Stuart, and with 'any Cambridge man' whom he thinks likely to 'aid with ideas'; mentions Michael Foster as an example. Refers with affection to a letter she received from HS. Sends her 'best love' to Mrs Sidgwick, and expresses the desire to carry out the project during her lifetime, and not as a matter of bequest. .
1 doc.
20 Feb 1879
118 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to the letter she received from him as 'a precious light'. Claims that it assisted her with her plans for the institution of a scheme to benefit to poor students. Agrees the 'condition of the Laboratory' to be all-important, and that consideration of the Land in Society should be excluded. Asks HS for further advice, now that the 'right path' has been struck out. Reports that she is not yet seeing even intimate friends, but is prepared to meet those who can aid her with her project. Refers to the question of which university or college offers the best machinery for the purpose, and also what conditions should be fixed 'as checks on the idle abuse of the studentship'. Expresses the hope that HS, Professor Stuart, Dr Foster or Frank Balfour will give her some advice when they come to town, and gives details of her availability. .
1 doc.
3 Mar 1879
119 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Asks HS to inform her of the cause of the delay in the producing of the Draft of conditions for the Studentship. Refers to a letter she received from Dr Foster on the matter. Wishes to have the draft in her possession before she goes to the country, as she wishes to show it to Sir James Paget. Also wants to know whether all the proposed Trustees have accepted the trusts. .
1 doc.
7 May 1879
120 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a discussion she had with Dr Andrew Clarke in relation to her concerns about the conditions of the Studentship. Concerned that it should become 'a mere hole and corner affair', known only to a narrow circle in a particular institution.' Refers to Dr Clarke's opposition to the suggestion that the nomination of the student be given to the Professor, his opinion with regard to the physiological students at Cambridge, and his insistence on the importance of a wider range of choices, so as to 'extend the chances of getting the fittest man'. Sends notes of his suggestions [not included]. Mentions Dr Clarke's concern that the successful candidate should not be a mere research assistant for the Professor, and should carry out an independent line of work. .
1 doc.
13 May 1879
121 M. A. Lewes (George Eliot) to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses appreciation of the HS's sympathy and the sentiments in Mrs Sidgwick's letter. Asks him to send on her thanks to his wife. .
1 doc.
30 Apr 1880
122 C. A. Elliott to Henry Sidgwick. States that he would have written last Autumn to inform him that his eldest son was going up to Trinity, and to ask him and Mrs Sidgwick to show him what kindness they could. Admits that it is now 'rather late in the day', but hopes that they might seek him out, as he [Elliott senior] would greatly value the Sidgwicks' friendship and advice to his son. Gives an account of the boy's activities since leaving school, and his time at Trinity, and expresses concern about his future. Reports that Fred Myers 'has been good to him'. With regard to his time in India, he reports that since he last saw HS he has had the post of Public Works Minister. Discusses the Department and the work it carries out, including canal construction throughout India. Mentions HS's efforts to revise the University's constitution and states that '[t]here is an undercurrent of sedition which has to be checked'. Expresses the desire to 'talk it all out with' HS. Mentions having read the Psychical Journal. .
1 doc.
21 Jan 1889
123 Sir H. W. Elphinstone to Henry Sidgwick. Reports that he went to Scotland with the intention of doing some fishing, but the weather has not been favourable for that activity, and he has gone to the Isle of Skye. Complains of the scarcity of meat. Describes the island as 'a wonderfully pretty place' but complains about the difficulty of traversing the mountains. Reports having climbed [ ] na Guillean the previous day, and having found the cards of D. Darrock, Trinity College, and --- Morgan, Jesus College, under a small [cairn], to which he added his own. Claims that Skye would be a good place for reading parties, and gives a description of its attractions. Uncertain as to whether he will be in town for dinner, and expresses his displeasure with 'that Secretary Puller' for not having written to let him know when the dinner was to be. Writes patronisingly about 'these Highlanders' and their attempts to speak English, but claims there to be 'nothing like the jolly good Saxon civility', which, he maintains, recognises 'that true politeness does not ignore distinction of ranks.' .
1 doc.
30 May 1859
124/1 E. Enfield to Henry Sidgwick. Claims that he is having difficulty in collecting 'the opinions and emendations of all interested in the welfare of the Univers[ity]. Mentions that he gave Mr Martineau a copy of HS's alterations, of which he approves and adds 'a suggestion of another'. Asks HS to look at it and return it to him with comments. Mentions that he has received HS's note and enclosure that morning, and assures him that he will introduce the corrections mentioned.
1 doc.
1 Dec 1868
124/2 J. R. Seeley to E. Enfield. Discusses Enfield's plans for the Christian Union, which he considers insufficient. Points out the apparent inconsistency between Enfield's own principle of leaving existing religious organisations alone and placing them all under a common Christian organisation, and his proposal to aid persons 'who in different sects are struggling to widen the terms of admission'. Gives his own view on sects. Agrees with Mr Martineau 'in almost all that he says' and believes, like the latter, of the importance of having 'a symbol of the common Christianity that runs through the sects'. Refers to Enfield's plans to bring out a series of tracts as a means of spreading opinion; suggests that a magazine might be more effective. Refers to an essay that he wrote in W.L. Clay (1868) Essays on Ch. Policy, in which he tried to demonstrates the common aspects of all sects. Discusses Christianity and Christian morality. Maintains that Enfield's plan contain too many 'negations', and thinks that the test of it will be inducing men like Mr [Maurice] or Mr [Llewellyn?] Davies to sympathise with its ideas. .
1 doc.
21 Mar [ ]
124/3 Notes of James Martineau. Refers to the language of, and ideas in, the 'Circular' and its preamble. Remarks that HS's objections 'might be easily removed by slight changes, keeping the phraseology closer to the guarded language of the preamble.' Discusses the compatibility or otherwise of imposed theological dogmatic conditions and intellectual agreement, and maintains that 'without some "intellectual agreement" there must be religious separation. States that it not be necessary to 'shut out the Positivists by any words' and states the practical object to be 'religious communion of men'. Gives his opinion with regard to the word 'Catholic', and its capitalisation. Considers it desirable to 'say something to encourage liberal movements within existing Churches'. .
1 doc.
20 Nov 1868
124/4 James Martineau to E. Enfield. Sends Enfield for his 'critical judgment, an attempt which Gertrude has made to embody [his] idea of a Free [ ] [ ] Emblem' [not included]. Claims that Mr Taylor approves of it. Suggests that Enfield consult HS or 'Mr Williams about it. Declares that if it is not approved of, they can 'still fall back upon the monogram.' Refers to Mr Taylor's attitude to an aspect of the emblem. .
1 doc.
[ ] [ ] 1868
125 William Everett to Henry Sidgwick. Replies in the affirmative to HS's question as to whether he wishes to get regular literary work in England. Expresses his willingness to review any popular work on history, poetry or travels; to 'take up the broad question of general interest in politics or society'; to 'discuss the life and work of any great man whose course had been recently before the world.' Claims to 'think and feel as an intelligent man on all the great questions that stir the public mind', e.g., 'the ballot in New England' and the 'convenience discomforts of railway travellers in civilized Europe and America'. .
1 doc.
16 Oct 1869
126 William Everett to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to the ongoing war in North America; a conflict which makes him 'thoroughly sick'. Considers it to be a step backwards, and is determined not to 'back up on senseless Congress and feeble President'. Believes that 'the men who control public opinion in the South have never got over their defeat in a war of their own making, and have longed for another war in which they should be victorious' and that 'the west was full of men who wanted war.' Remarks that he had hoped that Sir Michael would have abandoned the succession tax, and discusses his view of the matter, and asks HS to explain the finer points of the current methods of taxation to him. Refers to an article in the April edition of Atlantic Monthly by Herr [Munsterberg], a German teacher of experimental psychology. Expresses the desire to visit HS, and informs him that his brother now lives in the Isle of Wight. Expresses regret at the death of Sir Albans, of whom he speaks well. .
1 doc.
12 May 1898
127 William Everett to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for his letter. Announces his intention of coming to England on 30 June, on account of his brother's ill health. Plans to visit him first, and then to go to Cambridge and stay with HS. Discusses the war in America, including 'the relief of the Cubans' and 'Santiago bay', in classical terms. Urges HS to add to his Ethics, 'or rather to [his] Psychology...a special section on self will'. Discusses the notion of the '"American" temper'. Declares that when he arrives in England and has seen his brother, he will write to HS. Send his regards to Mrs Sidgwick, whom he directs to stay at Newnham. .
1 doc.
14 Jun 1898
128/1 William Everett to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a pamphlet written by him, which he sends to HS [enclosed]. Claims that in it he has attempted to 'put before the world some ideas I got from [HS] forty years ago.' Expresses deep regret at the news of HS's breakdown. Hopes that he feels better and that he might 'let the foolish title go'. Suggests 'Knightbridge' as a 'sort of translation of Pontifex'. Refers to a letter HS is to receive [or has already received] from a Mr James Barnard, who, according to Everett, comes from a respectable family, is very much interested in the study of law, economics and [ ], but 'has perhaps not the most perfect control over all his mental operations.' The subject of the letter is a law and philosophical library, and Everett asks HS to assist him in any way he can. Discusses impending elections in America, the candidates in which are McKinley and Bryan, and maintains that the Republican party are now attempting to 'make war popular'. Refers to enclosure - a letter written by Everett toThe New York Evening Post. .
1 doc.
12 Aug 1900
128/2 Printed letter, written by William Everett, extracted from The New York Evening Post, entitled 'Duty of the Gold Democrats'. Discusses the impending election, with reference to the candidates and past political affairs. Begins with the question 'What do the "Gold Democrats" or, more properly, the supporters of the Indianapolis convention of 1896, propose to do at the coming election, if the regular candidates, as seems probable, are again McKinley and Bryan?', and goes on to give his own views on the situation. Refers to Palmer - a Chicago candidate in the election of 1896. Complains that President [Cleveland] 'has from the outset cast away the Constitutional authority of his office', and, amongst other accusations, levels at him that of allowing the War Office 'to be dragged throught the mire of nepotism and jobbery' and of having damaged the merit system, 'to the encouragement of the spoilsmen, that have been since Garfield's murder.' Urges those men 'who believe in a consistent and patriotic opposition to the Republican party...in the Constitution as it is, and the Union as it was before Imperialism had sought to inflate it to a dominion which cannot be called by any known name', not to vote for Bryan, but rather to 'construct a platform and name candidates of their own, which shall stand for the traditions of the fathers, the needs of the hour, and the claims of posterity.' .
1 doc.
18 May [1900]
129 Walter G. Everett to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to 'reprints' of two articles on the subject of ethics recently published by him in the Philosophical Review, and which he sends to HS 'under separate cover'. Claims that HS has been, through his writings such as Methods of Ethics, one of his greatest teachers. Informs him that he teaches the course of Theoretical Ethics in Brown University, Rhode Island, and asks HS to give his critical views on the articles. .
1 doc.
24 Sep 1898
130 F W Farrar to Henry Sidgwick. Urges HS to complete his 'Essay' as quickly as possible, as the collection 'ought to come out this publishing season'. Warns that 'changes are now going on in some schools, and the attention of school and University authorities is aroused.' Tells HS to send his essay, when finished, to Messers Clay. Informs him that he shall be 'here' till the end of August, at which time he shall return to Harrow. .
1 doc.
16 Aug [1867]
131 F W Farrar to Henry Sidgwick. With regard to HS's essay, declares it to be well-reasoned, and expresses his supreme satisfaction with it. Asks for HS's criticisms of his [Farrar's] essay, on which Parker had given him 'some very valuable hints'. Is pleased that HS praises his friend Mr Joseph Payne, and informs him that Payne and Dr Hodgson are two very leading men at the College of [Preceptors]. Refers to a book on education by Mr [ ], which he declares to be 'thoroughly shallow'. Refers to a conversation with [Wm] Johnson [Cory], in which the latter mentioned a conference with HS, and asks him to explain a reference [Wm] Johnson [Cory] made to it. Expresses his hopes in relation to the latter's essay. Predicts the volume of essays to be a valuable one, speaks favourably of the writings of Wilson, Seeley and HS, and judges Bowen's to be 'a little disappointing.' Reports that Lytton cannot contribute because of an illness. Expresses his intention of returning to Harrow on 27 August. Includes a list of queries about, and suggested changes to, HS's essay. .
1 doc.
21 Aug [1867]
132 F W Farrar to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to letter he sent that morning. Expresses his satisfaction with the progress of the Essays, and praises those of Wilson, Seeley and HS as being 'most weighty and excellent'. Expresses the hope that he can secure some reviews, and asks HS to use his influence in that direction also, with, for example, Lord Houghton. Declares his intention of writing to Dr William Smith, and of trying 'to get the Quarterly to speak.' Asks HS for suggestions with regard to the preface. States his intention to try 'to get up a gathering at my home before the end of September.' .
1 doc.
22 Aug [1867]
133 F W Farrar to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for his criticisms of his essay, and explains some of the references therein. Gives directions as to how HS may receive further proofs, and reminds him that corrections at the final stage are very expensive. With reference to his [Farrar's] Greek Syntax, which is in its second edition, states his intention of sending a copy of it to HS the following term, if he has not yet come across it, and asks for his criticisms. .
1 doc.
2 Sep [1867]
134 F W Farrar to Henry Sidgwick. Writes in relation to the volume of Essays to which they both are contributors. Sends his idea of what the order of authors should be, and asks for HS's opinion. Declares Johnson's [ie Cory's] essay to be 'unluckily conservative' but 'of interest to all schoolmasters.' Invites HS to dine at his house on Saturday 5 October. Informs him that only one or two of the contributors shall be there. .
1 doc.
28 Sep [1867]
135 [J. H.] Lord Farrer to Henry Sidgwick. Regrets that he will probably not be able to hear HS at the [Pol] [Ec.] Club on 10 June, as he will be in Manchester with Miss Gaskell at that time. Hopes to get a synopsis of the speech. Voices his concern about the cause of 'Free Trade'; believes that 'theoretical objections should first of all be thrashed out in private'. Describes himself an 'absolutely staunch Free Trader', but is anxious to hear what is to be said by the other side. Gives Bimetallism as an example of a concept, the pros and cons of which are difficult to convey to the public. .
1 doc.
24 May 1887
136 [J. H.] Lord Farrer to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to a note from HS and regrets that he cannot be in town the following day. Discusses HS's paper, and gives suggestions thereon, e.g., in relation to protection of infant industry, trade protection, and displacement. Suggests that each subject be accompanied by a practical illustration. Expresses his satisfaction that HS agrees with him on the 'general question' of 'Free Trade'. Refers to a discussion he had with [ ], [Chesterton] and Courtney on the importation of Indian wheat and corn. .
1 doc.
9 Jun 1887
137 Mary Parker Jollett to Henry Sidgwick. Introduces herself as 'the American to whom you so kindly gave lectures in political philosophy in the May term.' Gives a brief sketch of the state of history teaching in United States schools, and reports that in the main it consists of narrative history, while nothing is known of political science and political philosophy. Believes that a teacher with knowledge of these subjects 'could infitrate much into her pupils and make history much more valuable to them'. Asks HS's opinion on her contention that history instructors in elementary school should know history as political science. Anxious to make a contribution to the teaching of history. Reports that she has been asked to give a lecture on political science to students between the ages of seventeen and twenty in a large school in Boston as a sort of experiment. Asks HS for his opinion on the best way to teach political philosophy. Expresses her enjoyment of the lectures of his lectures that she attended the previous Spring. Asks if she may use his name in quoting from anything he may say, and also to give his opinion on the value of political science as an introduction to history. .
1 doc.
17 Sep 1891
138 Ernest Foxwell to Henry Sidgwick. Writes from Japan on behalf of Professor [R.] Nakashima who was in charge of the production of a Japanese translation of HS's Methods of Ethics. Nakashima would like HS to write 'a few lines of friendly Introduction', as well as a photograph of the author. Reports that the Japanese professor recalls meeting HS at Cambridge in 1890. Foxwell discusses the difficulties that he would have expected to have arisen in the translation of the work into Japanese. Expresses the wish that 'some Cabinet Minister' would visit Japan to 'see how the contrast of the Russian decision with English indecision does not improve the prestige of the latter nation.' Hopes that HS and Mrs Sidgwick are in good health. Makes reference to a Japanese girl at Newnham 'who must at times feel horribly lonely.' .
1 doc.
14 Jun 1898
139 Ernest Foxwell to Henry Sidgwick. Gratefully acknowledges the receipt of a letter from HS, 'with preface [for the Japanese translation of Methods of Ethics] and photograph [of HS]'. Reports that Professor Nakashima is very pleased with HS's remarks. Gives his views on the Japanese middle class and aristocracy, and an account of recent political events in the country, including the appearance of the 'Constitutional' Party. Comments on the state of the economy, which, to English eyes, 'is contemptible'. .
1 doc.
7 Sep 1898
140 Ernest Foxwell to Henry Sidgwick. Expresses his delight at receiving a photograph of HS. Reports that first edition of the translation of HS's Methods of Ethics will soon be available to the Japanese reading public, and that Professor Nakajima [sic.] 'expects that a 2nd ed.n will be called for before June.' Reports on recent political events in Japan, and discusses the problems facing that country, especially expenditure on the army and navy. Also refers to the 'comedy in China', involving the posting of Russian soldiers in the country. .
1 doc.
4 Dec 1898
141/1 H. S. Foxwell to Henry Sidgwick. Refers to the accompanying note [enclosed] from various former pupils of HS, sent to him on the occasion of his impending marriage. Explains that the presents referred to are a silver tea service and a bronze library table service, which Foxwell hopes have been already received in London by HS. Hopes that they may remind HS 'that [his] invaluable and self-denying labours for philosophy at Cambridge have not been forgotten by those on whom they were more immediately bestowed.' Sends his best wishes for HS's and his wife's happiness. .
1 doc.
2 Apr 1876
141/2 E. Armitage et al. to Henry Sidgwick. E. Armitage, H. Fox, R. E. Healey, A. S. West, C. W. Empson, H. S. Foxwell, C. Hankey, A. Thomas, W. Wills, W. M. Ede, C. A. Goodhart, T. I. Lawrence, C. H. Strutt, W. Cunningham, F. W. Maitland, C. Read, E. S. Thompson, G. W. Agnew, T. Baines, C. I. Cooper, A. T. Lyttleton, F. I. Montgomery, H. H. Turner, I. Ward, W. E. Anderton, I. B[oyns], W. E. Hurridall, J. N. Keynes, [St.] [F] Mitchell offer 'warmest congratulations' on HS's impending marriage. Reference to HS's 'able and indefatigable teaching' and wish to express their admiration of him. Reference to the accompanying presents, which are 'a token of [their] esteem and gratitude.' .
1 doc.
2 Apr 1876
142 T. Fowler to Henry Sidgwick. Gratefully acknowledges receipt of HS's latest book. Expresses his approval 'that practical ethics are beginning to occupy more of the attention of moralists than was once the case', but is disappointed by the attack on the liberal clergy 'on pp. 138-141 and in Ch 6'. Supposes that the occasion of such an attack was a statement made by 'Mr Harris' whose views on the Incarnation Fowler refers to. Refers also to the doctrine of the Virgin birth, and to the fact that the faith of several Church of England clergymen may have been shaken by facts which had recently emerged through the recent reading of the Bible in 'a most intelligent and unbiased manner'. Refers to the four evangelists' treatment of such themes as the Virgin birth the genealogies of St Joseph, and to the Adoptionist theory in relation to the former. Discusses the Creed, and the propriety or otherwise of its recitation by those who do not believe in, or who have 'no proof of, the existence of Cherubim and Seraphim.' Agrees with HS that one should not recite the Creed if one does not believe in the Virgin birth. Questions his use of the phrase 'Clerical Veracity' as the title of one of the chapters of his book, and argues that a clergyman who recites the Creed while at the same time disbelieving in the Virgin birth, is no more open to the charge of hypocrisy than a layman in the same position, by virtue of the fact that through the latter's baptism and confirmation, he 'actually undertakes obligations similar to those which a clergyman undertakes at ordination.' Agrees with Rashdall with regard to his contention that the Creed 'is exactly on the same level as any other part of the service, neither more not less.' Admits to feeling 'very strongly on this matter of throwing aspersions on men or classes of men on account of their religious belief', and maintains that the wiser and more charitable course of action, in relation to a man's religious opinions, is 'to refrain from forming any judgment at all.' States that he had only become aware of Rashdall's reply to HS [which he has not read] that morning. Returns to the subject of the Creed and its purpose as an affirmation of faith. .
1 doc.
25 Jan 1898
143 T. Fowler to Henry Sidgwick. States that the E[udemian] Ethics is edited by the same man [A. T. H. Fritsche] as the De amicitia [Eth. [Nic] VIII, IX] of Aristotle; the former having been published by Manz of Ratisbon, and the latter at Giessen "'sumptibus Librariae Academiae Ferberinae'". Does not know of any edition with notes of the Magna Moralia, but refers HS to No. 2 of Spengel's Aristotelische Studien, where are to be found several critical notes on it as well as [on] the E[ ] Ethics. Explains that he would have written before, but he has only just returned to Oxford. Refers to his enjoyable visit to Cambridge and hopes that he may have the pleasure of helping HS to show his wife over Oxford either the following term, 'or [better still] when the chestnuts are out in the May Term.' .
1 doc.
20 Dec 1876
144 T. Fowler to Henry Sidgwick. Reports that at the College meeting that day, he was unanimously requested to ask HS if he would accept the nomination as a permanent elector to the Chair of Moral Philosophy, in place of the late Dean Liddell. Lists the other electors, including various professors and the Vice-Chancellor. Hopes that he will accept. Apologises for raising so many objections in relation to HS's book, but points out that 'they only applied to one particular point.' Thanks him for his reply, which has enabled him to see HS's position more clearly. Proposes that they not prolong their correspondence on the matter any further, and withdraws the expression 'throwing aspersions on a class of men on account of their religious beliefs' which he had used in a previous letter in relation to HS's book, and some ideas contained therein. .
1 doc.
12 Feb 1898
145 A. Campbell Fraser to Henry Sidgwick. Thanks HS for sending his Methods of Ethics to him, which he has been reading 'with deep interest and admiration.' Refers to the work as a great addition to English Ethical literature. .
1 doc.
6 Jan 1875
146 A. Campbell Fraser to Henry Sidgwick. Reports that the Hamilton family 'have considered more fully the [ ] of publishing Miss Hamilton' translation of part of Lotze's 'Mikrokosmos', and of getting the remainder done by another hand'. Mentions that the family would be satisfied with HS's recommendation of a translator. Miss Hamilton's manuscript is in the hands of Mr Clarke, a well-known Edinburgh publisher, and Fraser suggests that HS should communicate with him, and supplies his address. .
1 doc.
28 Jun 1882
147 A. Campbell Fraser to Henry Sidgwick. Letter of introduction for W. R. Sorley, an M.A. of Edinburgh University, who, he reports, is 'highly distinguished...in Logic, Metaphysics and Ethics' and has come for a career in Cambridge. Speaks highly of Sorley, who has been his assistant recently. Expresses the hope that HS could give him some 'advice and direction'. .
1 doc.
2 Feb 1886
148 A. Campbell Fraser to Henry Sidgwick. In relation to Locke's Essays, states that it is difficult to name a satisfactory edition. Suggests that the fourth edition - published in 1700 - might be taken as the standard. Mentions a four-volume edition of Locke's [ ], by [ ] Law, published in 1777. Sends his regards to Mrs Sidgwick. .
1 doc.
7 Jan 1889

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