Janus: The Papers of Leopold Amery

Churchill/AMEL 1 contains:
1	The Times, South Africa and "The Problem of the Army"
2	Political, up to First World War
3	First World War, Colonial Office and Admiralty
4	Secretary of State for the Colonies
5	General political, 1930s
6	India Office and the Second World War
7	1940's and post-war

More information

Please feel free to contact the repository.

The Papers of Leopold Amery

Title	First World War, Colonial Office and Admiralty
Reference	AMEL 1/3
Covering Dates	1888–1962 (The majority of files date from 1914-24.)
Extent and Medium	21 archive boxes

Content and context

Correspondence and papers from LSA's early political posts, with the War Cabinet, War Office, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies, Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty and also First Lord of the Admiralty. This includes: a large amount of material on the First World War, including LSA's own service in France and the Balkans and his campaign for conscription; Cabinet papers on the peace settlement and establishment of the League of Nations; a considerable amount of correspondence between LSA and 1st Lord Milner, from the South African War until Milner's death in 1925, and including papers from LSA's work for Milner at the War Office and Colonial Office; papers on LSA's imperial interests, particularly overseas settlement, taxation and protectionism.

Index Terms

First World War (1914-1918)

Churchill/AMEL 1/3 contains:

"Notes on the military situation". Annotated copy of a paper by LSA on the state of the armed forces, written for an informal committee on military affairs.
1 item; Extremely fragile. Please note that this item must be cleaned before issue, and so cannot be issued immediately..

1913

Army and Preparation for War. Speeches, articles and reports, including: copy of a "Message to the Nation" by Field Marshal 1st Lord Roberts, consisting of a speech by Roberts, with supplementary material and other speeches by Roberts, advocating National Service and warning of Britain's unpreparedness for war; copy of a paper by LSA on the state of the armed forces, written for an informal committee on military affairs; texts and notes for speeches by LSA on defence, the Army estimates and National Service; issue of The Nation in Arms, journal of the National Service League; paper on intelligence methods in peace time, including methods used in Germany, Russia and France; Parliamentary papers, including statistics on the strength and efficiency of the Territorial Army and Reserve, report of the committee on the Special Reserve, memoranda by the Secretary of State for War, John Seely [later 1st Lord Mottistone] on the Army estimates, 1913-15; notes of Parliamentary questions put to Seely by LSA, including a reply by Herbert Creedy, Private Secretary to Seely.
2 files.

Jul 1911-Jul 1914

War letters A - K. Letters to LSA from correspondents including: John Arkwright; George Auden, School Medical Officer, City of Birmingham, on rejection of recruits because of their teeth; John Baird, assistant to the Military Mission with the Belgian Field Army [later 1st Lord Stonehaven] on opposition to National Service, particularly harm done by the advocacy of 1st Lord Northcliffe [earlier Alfred Harmsworth] and the attitude of Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener [Secretary of State for War]; Stanley Baldwin; Sir Thomas Barlow [President, Royal College of Physicians] on the dental health of recruits; Lieutenant-Colonel James Barrett, Consulting Oculist and Aurist to British Forces in Egypt (2); Sir Henry Bax-Ironside [Minister Plenipotentiary to Bulgaria] on pro-German influences in Bulgaria; William Bowater, Lord Mayor of Birmingham, on the Birmingham Battalions (3); Arthur Griffith-Boscawen on the need for National Service; Robert Brand on Imperial finances; [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain on subjects including National Service, the Territorial Army, LSA's career and [?] his own appointment as Director-General of National Service (9); [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain on being of use in financial talks; Major-General Charles Callwell [Director of Military Operations at the War Office] on subjects including German advances after the fall of Antwerp [Belgium], hopes for an Allied advance, the difficulties with Russian troops, the supply of artillery ammunition, troop organization, the views of David Lloyd George [Chancellor of the Exchequer] on breaking up the German Empire, the official history of the war, and LSA's posting to the Balkans (6); Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, on theological students as soldiers; Ruby, Lady Carson, on Sir Edward Carson's health; Sir Edward Carson on subjects including LSA's departure for the Balkans (3); [Robert] Erskine Childers, urging LSA to take a post as a naval intelligence officer; Jesse Collings; James Craig [later 1st Lord Craigavon]; 1st Lord Curzon, Lord Privy Seal, on a committee on conscription (9); Brigadier-General Alister Dallas on the 4th Corps (2); Howard d'Egville, Honorary Secretary of the Empire Parliamentary Association; George Faber [later 1st Lord Wittenham]; "Fitz" [? Sir (James) Percy Fitzpatrick] (5); Moreton Frewen on inflation and loans from the United States (2); Patrick Duncan on the situation in South Africa; Frederick Guest; General Sir Ian Hamilton [commander, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force] on subjects including finding a position for LSA and criticism about operations at the Dardanelles (4); Sir Maurice Hankey [Secretary to the War Cabinet] on LSA's appointment as an Assistant Secretary; William Hughes, Attorney-General then Prime Minister of Australia, on subjects including the Australian troops at the Dardanelles, LSA's gloomy view of the British Government, Hughes's own role and general progress in the war (4); Philip Kerr [Editor of the Round Table, later 11th Lord Lothian] on the death of his brother, and including letters by LSA in the Round Table. Also includes: letters from LSA to Chamberlain on Ulster and abandoning Home Rule policy, to Callwell on being sent to the Balkans, and to Fitzpatrick on South Africa, the Dardanelles and the lack of political leadership.
4 files.

Jan 1914-Dec 1916

War letters L - Z. Letters to LSA from correspondents including: General Sir Henry Wilson [Assistant Chief of General Staff, Expeditionary Forces in France] on subjects including his opposition to the Dardanelles Campaign, the Balkans, chances of Bulgaria joining the war, the lack of political leadership, and the failure to break the German line on the Western Front (13); [Amelius] Mark Lockwood [earlier Mark Wood]; George Lloyd, describing events at the Dardanelles, and on action to be taken if Bulgaria entered the war; L J Maxse, [Editor] of the National Review on bringing in Dominion representatives to Government, the risks of fighting in the East and the urgency of evacuating the Dardanelles (3); Violet Carruthers [Violet Markham] on subjects including her marriage, National Service and possible leaders to replace Herbert Asquith [later 1st Lord Oxford and Asquith] (7); [?] Captain William Maxwell on the progress of the war in the Balkans; 1st Lord Northcliffe [owner of the Daily Mail, earlier Alfred Harmsworth] asking LSA to write an explanation of National Service for the Mail as part of an education campaign (2); Frederick Oliver on speeches by LSA, government negotiations with labouring classes, the importance of the textile industry, and criticism of LSA's incompatible jobs in the Army, War Office and politics (12); Christabel Pankhurst on the policy of Sir Edward Grey [Foreign Secretary] in deserting Serbia, demanding his resignation and a new effective opposition to the Government; Sir Gilbert Parker on the need for a restructured Coalition Government with new men; George Pearce [Australian Minister for Defence] explaining the difficulty in finding officers to go with the troops Australia was sending as reinforcements; George Prothero [Editor of the Quarterly Review] asking LSA to write an article on the political situation and need for new leadership, disagreeing with the stress on Sir Edward Carson and 1st Lord Milner by LSA's draft article, and passing on praise for the finished piece (4); Geoffrey Robinson [Editor of the Times, later Geoffrey Dawson] on subjects including congratulating LSA on getting to France, his remarks on the German raid against Scarborough [Yorkshire], his own wish to see a command in France and his view of Salonika [Thessaloniki, Greece] (4); General Sir Henry Rawlinson [commander, 4th Corps] on LSA joining his staff, and the state of his forces, the Balkans, LSA's suggestion that he might write a book on the 7th Division, getting a bill on conscription through Parliament, cutting pay for the troops and Rawlinson's promotion to commander of the 4th Army (4); Charles A'Court-Repington on the landings at the [?] Dardanelles, particularly the conflict between Headquarters and the Cabinet over whether to evacuate or push on; Sir William Robertson [Director of Military Training, War Office] on the need for more men; 2nd Lord Selborne [earlier Lord Wolmer] on the Balkans and the line taken by the United States (2); Lieutenant-Colonel Martin Archer-Shee on support for LSA's views on conscription, and the weakness of the Government; Wilfrid Short [Private Secretary to Arthur Balfour]; G P Tallboy, War Office, on subjects including economising on war spending, recruitment figures, numbers of rifles issued, the new Ministry of Munitions, Geoffrey Amery as a prisoner of war, the Amery family's financial affairs, and the change in Government (10); Alex Thompson [acting editor of the Clarion]; Christopher Thomson [Military Attaché and Chief of Military Commission, Romania] on Romanian smuggling of supplies to Constantinople [later Istanbul, Turkey]; Admiral Ernest Troubridge [Head of the British Naval Mission to Serbia]; Charles Vince, Secretary of the Birmingham Liberal Unionist Association (2). Also includes: copy of a letter from David Lloyd George, Prime Minister, on forming a new government; letter from Florence Amery to Lord Northcliffe on LSA's return from the Balkans; draft letter from LSA to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle [written on reverse of a letter from Charles Vince], describing an action fought by General Sir Henry Rawlinson.
3 files.

Sep 1914-Dec 1916

War letters (unfiled). Letters to LSA from correspondents including: [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain on compromising with the Government over federalism for Ulster [Northern Ireland] and the poor promotion prospects for LSA as a Unionist in David Lloyd-George's Government (2); Hamar Greenwood on LSA's recruitment scheme; Frederick Oliver on the collapse of the Government and on the Liberals raising the question of National Service (4); George Lloyd on where he would be useful following the end of the Dardanelles Campaign, and on breaking Germany's economic power and reorganising Britain's internal politics; General Sir Henry Rawlinson [commander, 4th Army] on getting rid of Herbert Asquith [later 1st Lord Oxford and Asquith] as Prime Minister; Robert Blatchford, Editor of the Clarion, criticising Asquith; Sir John Simon [Home Secretary] on LSA's ideas on conscription; General Sir Henry Wilson [Assistant Chief of General Staff, Expeditionary Forces in France] on subjects including LSA's usefulness at home, rather than in the Balkans, conscription and the opposition to it from Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener [Secretary of State for War], the Dardanelles Campaign, fighting in France, and alternatives to Asquith as Prime Minister (10); Geoffrey Robinson [Editor of the Times, later Geoffrey Dawson]; [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain [Director-General of National Service] on controls and guidelines for conscription; Lord Robert Cecil [Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on subjects including the National Service debate and faults in the Coalition Government (2); Sir Arthur Conan Doyle on using material from General Sir Henry Rawlinson in his [? History of the British Campaign in France and Flanders], and conscription (2); Sir Bartle Frere on the lack of central control of British forces; Lionel Curtis on the views of Irish Catholics in Canada about the Empire and Home Rule, and his own opinion on the Home Rule Bill; Samuel Hoare [later 1st Lord Templewood] agreeing with LSA on National Service; Maurice Hankey [Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence], asking LSA to find out what Allied aircraft were available in Serbia, whether gunboats could be used to protect the Serbian river frontiers, and on writing the history of the campaign in Serbia. Also includes: letter from LSA to Lord Robert Cecil [Minister of Blockade, later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on the distribution of Germany's colonies after the war; letter from LSA to Sir [James] Percy Fitzpatrick on his work in Romania, the political situation at home and the campaign in South Africa; memorandum on the situation in the Dardanelles.
2 files.

May 1914-Dec 1916

Letters, A - Z. Correspondence (mainly consisting of letters written by LSA while Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet) between LSA and correspondents including: Professor William Adams [Secretary to the Prime Minister], on LSA's memoranda about Ireland (2); Christopher Addison [Minister in Charge of Reconstruction], on LSA's idea for extending postal rates to Empire trade; Waldorf Astor [Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister], on LSA's ideas on proportional representation; Lieutenant-Colonel John Buchan [Director of Information under the Prime Minister, later 1st Lord Tweedsmuir], on publishing a speech by Jan Smuts [South African Minister of Defence], investigating a rumour of mass graves, and sending information to the Dominions and Russia; Sir Reginald Brade [Secretary, War Office]; Arthur Balfour [Foreign Secretary], on LSA's idea for buying goods from France to ease the French debt; Sir George Barclay; Lieutenant-Colonel James Barrett (2); Charles Bathurst [Parliamentary Secretary to Ministry of Food, later 1st Lord Bledisloe] on importing dried foods; Robert Brand, on settling the Allies' debts to Britain; Sir Henry Bax-Ironside [former Minister Plenipotentiary to Bulgaria] on evidence that should have been put before the Dardanelles Commission of Inquiry on the role of Bulgaria; Lieutenant-General Sir Herbert Belfield [Director of Prisoners of War] on the amount of food being sent to British prisoners in France; Sir Robert Borden [Prime Minister of Canada and Canadian representative at the Imperial War Cabinet] on attending meetings and Canada's munitions output; [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain [Director-General of National Service] on organising his department and LSA's idea for raising the age of conscripts (3); Sir Edward Carson, on LSA's ideas on hospital ships and on Irish government and controlling Empire trade in raw materials; Lord Robert Cecil [Minister of Blockade, later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on improving relations with Greece and LSA submitting his ideas on foreign policy to him (2); [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain [Secretary of State for India] on the India Defence Force and LSA's ideas on the future self-government of India (3); [Robert] Erskine Childers on a federalist Ireland; Colonel George Clive; Winston Churchill, on LSA's views about inequalities in the promotion system; Sir George Clerk; [George] Sydney Clive; Brigadier-General George Cockerill, on LSA's views about breaking up the Colonial Office; Sir Julian Corbett [Director of Historical Section, Committee of Imperial Defence]; Lord Courtney on proportional representation; 1st Lord Cozens-Hardy [Master of the Rolls]; Lieutenant-Colonel James Craig [later 1st Lord Craigavon], on LSA's views about partition of Ireland; Herbert Creedy [Assistant to the Secretary of the War Office]; the Comte A de Croze (3); Bertram Cubitt [Assistant Under-Secretary of State, War Office] on LSA's appointment as a staff officer with the Committee of Imperial Defence; Sir Thomas Cuninghame on following a policy of reconciliation between King Constantine of Greece and Eleutherios Venizelos [Prime Minister of Greece]; Lieutenant-Colonel F Cunliffe-Owen, General Staff, Salonika Force, on organising Balkan intelligence and being passed over for promotion (3); Sir Hugh Clifford [Governor of the Gold Coast, Africa] on river transport in the Mesopotamia region; 1st Lord Curzon on the railways in Persia [Iran], and LSA's views on foreign policy, including the German colonies and the situation in Greece (2); Geoffrey Dawson [Editor of the Times, earlier Geoffrey Robinson], on subjects including LSA's views for an Irish Conference; 17th Lord Derby [Secretary of State for War, earlier Lord Stanley] on National Service, particularly LSA's idea of raising the military age and faults in the new system; Henry Dickson [Head of Geographical Section Intelligence Department, Admiralty]; Sir [James] Eric Drummond [Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary, later 16th Lord Perth] (2); Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Dunlop Smith [Political aide to the Secretary of State for India]; Henry Duke [Chief Secretary for Ireland, later 1st Lord Merrivale] on the political situation in Ireland; Mary Durham; Sir [James] Percy Fitzpatrick on subjects including affairs in South Africa (5); Pierre Flandin; Sir Auckland Geddes [Minister of National Service] on making Russian Jews liable for conscription; Major-General Lord Gleichen [Director of Intelligence Bureau, Department of Information]; Sir Ronald Graham [Assistant Under-Secretary, Foreign Office] on agreed Allied payments to the provisional Government of Greece; Sir [William] Guy Granet [Director-General of Movements and Railways]; Admiral [William] Reginald Hall, Director of Intelligence Division Admiralty War Staff; Sir Maurice Hankey [Secretary to the War Cabinet] on subjects including LSA's ideas on the Imperial Conference, Imperial Preference, troops in the dominions, coastal defence, the Blacksod Bay railway [County Mayo, Ireland] and communications between the War Cabinet and the War Council at Versailles [France]; [Frederick] Leverton Harris [Parliamentary Secretary to Ministry of Blockade]; William Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia, on LSA's ship being torpedoed, LSA's account of the work of the new War Cabinet, the Imperial Conference, the effects of Irish politics and Sinn Fein on the Australian Army and shipping between Australia and Britain; [?] Richard Jebb; Andrew Bonar Law [Chancellor of the Exchequer] (2); Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith [Permanent Secretary to Board of Trade]; Guy Locock [Private Secretary to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs] (2); Walter Long [Secretary of State for the Colonies] on LSA's views about Ireland and Imperial Preference (7); Sidney Low; Andrew Magill, Irish Office (2); Sir Louis Mallet, Foreign Office, on the Air Board and the status of aviation (2); Major-General Frederick Maurice [Director of Military Operations, Imperial General Staff] on why sending American troops to the Middle East would not be practicable and the importance of rebuilding Russian power in Palestine; Frederick Oliver; Henry Page Croft [Chairman of the Tariff Reform League (2); Montague Parker (4); Sir John Simon on his marriage to Kathleen Harvey; Sir Arthur Steel-Maitland [Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies] regretting that LSA would not be succeeding him at the Colonial Office (2); Malcolm Seton [India Office], asking LSA to write an article on the sensitive political situation in India; Christopher Thomson; Vaughan Nash, Secretary, Ministry of Reconstruction; 5th Lord Ventry [earlier Frederick Eveleigh-de-Moleyns] (2); [William] Basil Worsfold. Also includes: annotated memorandum by LSA on the Russian situation and its consequences.
4 files.

Jan 1917-Dec 1917

Unfiled loose correspondence. Correspondence (mainly consisting of letters written by LSA while Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet) between LSA and correspondents including: Frederick Oliver, on LSA's view of David Lloyd George as Prime Minister, complaints against the Government and the inefficiency of the Admiralty; [William] Sefton Brancker on leaving the post of Director of Air Organisation and LSA's views on the development of aviation routes in the Empire (2); Christopher Addison [Minister in Charge of Reconstruction] on LSA's ideas about transport to Ireland, particularly on Blacksod Bay [County Mayo]; Sir [James] Percy Fitzpatrick, on LSA's view of 1st Lord Milner and David Lloyd George [Prime Minister] and his work for the War Cabinet; James Headlam [Assistant Director of Political Intelligence Bureau in Department of Information, later James Headlam-Morley] on the importance of Europe as opposed to that of the Empire; Sir Leo Chiozza Money [Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping]; Major-General Frederick Maurice [Director of Military Operations, Imperial General Staff]; Sir Maurice Hankey [Secretary to the War Cabinet] on subjects including LSA's views on offering terms to the Balkans, debts owed to Britain by the Allies, organisation of committees dealing with peace terms and peace with Turkey; Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Strutt on the situation in the Balkans, including fighting against Greek deserters, General Maurice Sarrail [Commander of French forces at Salonika, later Thessaloniki], and the impression of inactivity given by British forces; Lieutenant-General Jan Smuts, on LSA's ideas for using air-power in Palestine and Turkey; 1st Lord Curzon on LSA's ideas about French colonial politics, particularly relating to Morocco and the Middle East; Halford Mackinder on French colonial policy; Walter Long [Secretary of State for the Colonies] on LSA's views on an Irish Conference; David Lloyd-George, Prime Minister, on LSA's views on French ambitions to occupy Greece; General Sir Ian Hamilton [commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force at the Dardanelles] on whether another attack on the Dardanelles would be possible; George Clerk, Foreign Office, on LSA's views on the claims of Bulgaria and Serbia to Macedonia, the future of Poland and the Austrian Empire; [Robert] Erskine Childers, on LSA's views of government for Ireland; [Joseph] Austin Chamberlain, on LSA's views of the dangers of the collapse of Russia; Lord Robert Cecil [later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on peace with Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey; Sir Edward Carson; Lieutenant-Colonel Basil Buckley, on LSA's views on moving Serbian forces from Russia to other fronts; Sir Robert Borden [Prime Minister of Canada]; Harry Batterbee [Private Secretary to Walter Long]; Major John Baird [ Parliamentary Member of the Air Board, later 1st Lord Stonehaven] on the development of aviation for commercial and imperial use after the war; William Adams [Secretary to the Prime Minister]; [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain [former Director-General of National Service] on the fault of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, in the failure of National Service.
2 files.

Jan 1917-Dec 1917

War Office August-September 1914: outbreak of war. Includes: extract from a German cavalry officer's diary on the first few days after the outbreak of war; notes by LSA on events in Parliament and literary sources describing events; reprint of an article by L J Maxse [Editor of the National Review] on the build-up to the declaration of war, particularly a discussion between individuals including himself, Lieutenant-General Henry Wilson [Director of Military Operations at Army Headquarters] and LSA on bringing the Unionist Opposition in to press the Government into supporting France and Russia; extract from the National Review on events between 1st and 4th of August 1914; cutting of an article by Sir [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain on events in early August.
1 file.

Aug 1914-Jan 1930

War Office August-September 1914: recruiting campaign. Correspondence and papers on the progress of LSA's recruitment campaign for the Army and Territorial Army, with correspondents including: Basil Peto; M R Ludlow, Special Recruiting Officer, Birmingham [Warwickshire] (4); Sir Hugh Bell; William Joynson-Hicks, Chairman of the Automobile Association and Motor Union [earlier William Hicks, later 1st Lord Brentford] on providing cars for staff officers (2); Jesse Collings, President of the Rural League on using the League's village agents for recruitment; Herbert Creedy [Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for War]; Bertram Cubitt [Assistant Under-Secretary of State, War Office]. Also includes: recruitment badge; letters from LSA to Major-General Edward Altham, in charge of Administration Southern Command, to Major-General Sir Henry Rawlinson; reports on a tours of Southern Command by LSA and Major-General Henry Jeffreys; memorandum by LSA on replenishing the Territorial Force and Special Reserve; model recruitment letters and instructions for travelling recruitment offices; note by LSA and Jeffreys on recruits being rejected because of bad teeth; recommendations from the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee; War Office recruiting memorandum; recruitment pamphlets.
2 files.

Aug 1914-Jan 1916

War Office August-September 1914: Montagu House Committee. Papers and correspondence, particularly on the Montagu House Central Committee for co-ordinating the work of Territorial Associations in connection with the new army recruits. Correspondents include: Lord Midleton [former Secretary of State for War, earlier William Brodrick] on difficulties in recruitment; Sir Herbert Creedy [former Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for War] on his recollections of the committee (2); General Sir Henry Wilson [Assistant Chief of General Staff, Expeditionary Forces in France] on poor training of new recruits and officers. Also includes: draft by Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener [Secretary of State for War] amending a memorandum by LSA on the role of Territorial Associations in recruitment; paper on the function of the Montagu House Committee, minutes of the committee, circular letters and memoranda; memorandum by Lord Midleton for the committee on army clothing contracts; notes by LSA on organisation of the higher command, the county associations and expansion of the Territorial Force; draft letters to Territorial Force Associations; memorandum by Sir Hugh Bell [Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding, Yorkshire] on Yorkshire battalions; notes of interviews with members of the Army Council on recruitment.
1 file.

Sep 1914-Apr 1947

General articles 1914-18: official naval despatches No 3. Copy of a special illustrated pamphlet by the Graphic, reproducing Admiralty despatches on events including: the loss of HMS Aboukir, HMS Hogue and HMS Cressy; the battle of the Bight of Heligoland [Germany]; the sinking of the German cruiser Emden; the loss of Rear-Admiral Christopher Cradock's squadron off Chile; the battle of the Falkland Islands; naval assistance to the army in France; the work of the Naval Flying Corps; German and British naval losses up to December 1914.
1 item.

Aug 1914-Dec 1914

General articles 1914-18. Press cuttings, texts and prints of articles and lectures by LSA, on subjects including: the role of the Empire in the war; Ireland's demand for fiscal autonomy; the constitutional development of South Africa; British preparations for war; imperial taxation; investing the surplus funds of the trade unions into industry; arming new recruits; LSA's own career. Also includes: article by L J Maxse [Editor of the National Review] on lack of support for the Army from the Government; print of the Budget statement by David Lloyd George, Chancellor of the Exchequer (May 1915); message to British workers from Albert Thomas, French Minister of Munitions; proof chapter on imperial taxation and texts of other financial chapters from "The Problem of the Commonwealth" by Lionel Curtis, with comments by LSA and Frederick Oliver; article by Sidney Low on the new Government of David Lloyd George and changes to the Cabinet system; article by Josiah Wedgwood on the German colonies in Africa.
1 file.

Sep 1914-Jun 1918

General articles 1914-18. Includes: reprint of a memorandum to the Cabinet by 1st Lord Milner, Secretary of State for War, reporting on his visit to France (March 1918); notes by LSA for a projected book on the war; pamphlet on improving government with constitutional changes, including an Irish settlement, by individuals including Frederick Oliver; reviews of later accounts of the war; report of special Labour Party conference; pamphlet by Edmund Morel calling for peace and on Russia's part in causing the war; list of certified occupations not liable for military service; photographs of Headquarters staff at Salonika [Thessaloniki, Greece], including LSA; Union of Democratic Control suggestions for peace terms; material by Frederick Oliver, including a memorandum on requirements for a new Government; memorandum by Moreton Frewen on the finance of the war; draft letter put forward to the Prime Minister by a deputation of Liberal and Unionist MPs supporting compulsory military service. Other subjects include: Sir Roger Casement and John Redmond; political and public opinion in Germany on a peace settlement, and Germany's economic state;.
2 files.

Oct 1915-May 1949

Notebook. Includes: note of a conversation with Georges Clemenceau on subjects including the disadvantages of diverting French troops to Salonika [Thessaloniki, Greece], avoiding premature attacks on the Western front, France's requirement of further financial help, and the effects of the battle of Verdun; note of a conversation with 2nd Lord Esher [earlier Reginald Brett] on French views of Salonika, on likely requests for a British offensive to relieve pressure on French troops at Verdun and the growing influence of the French peace party; notes on British and French intelligence work at Salonika.
1 volume.

May 1916

France, Oct 1914 - Jan 1915: reports on operations. Annotated reports by LSA and others on operations including: the defence of and withdrawal from Antwerp [Belgium], with a report by Major-General Julian Byng, Commanding 3rd Cavalry Division on an action fought by his troops, and figures of German strengths and positions; operations of the 4th Army Corps (November-January).
2 files.

Oct 1914-Jan 1915

France, Oct 1914 - Jan 1915: notes and reports. Notes and reports by LSA and others on subjects including: positioning of trenches; French troop movements; general orders to German infantry; LSA being attached to the 1st Birmingham Battalion; instructions for General Staff, 4th Army Corps; Allied forces lined up against the German 4th and 6th Armies and projected Allied advances in the Ypres area [Belgium]; operations of the 4th Army Corps (December); German reinforcements on the Western and Eastern fronts and the advantages of an offensive in south-eastern Europe; copies of special illustrated pamphlets by the Graphic, reproducing despatches from Field Marshal Sir John French [Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Forces in France, later 1st Lord Ypres] on battles at Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, Ypres, Armentieres and the defence of Antwerp.
1 file.

Oct 1914-Jan 1915

France, Oct 1914 - Jan 1915: Ypres. Reports by LSA and others including Captain John Stansfeld, Gordon Highlanders, and Captain Charles Foss, 2nd Bedford Regiment, on the first battle of Ypres [Belgium].
1 file.

Oct 1914-Dec 1914

France: notebooks and notes. Notebook kept by LSA while on the staff of General Sir Henry Rawlinson [commander, 4th Corps]. Contains conversations and messages between Rawlinson and officers including Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener [Secretary of State for War], Colonel William Fairholme and Marshal Joseph Joffre [Chief of French General Staff] on the German advance towards Antwerp [Belgium] and the need for more troops to relieve the city, getting troops out from Ghent, sending the Belgian forces out of the front line and managing the retreat from Antwerp.
1 volume.

07 Oct 1914–22 Oct 1914

France: notebooks and notes. Journal kept by LSA during the defence of Antwerp [Belgium] and the subsequent Allied retreat, including LSA's later written account of events.
1 volume.

05 Oct 1914–27 Oct 1914

France: notebooks and notes. Journal kept by LSA during and after the first battle of Ypres [Belgium], including extracts from accounts by other soldiers.
1 volume.

08 Oct 1914–03 Jan 1915

France: notebooks and notes. Notes kept by LSA during and after the first battle of Ypres [Belgium], including: messages to and from the 7th Division; written narrative of events by Major-General Thompson Capper [7th Division]; war diary of the 7th Division; operation orders of the division; brigade reports and staff diaries, particularly of the 22nd Brigade [of the 7th Division]; notes of a talk with Major-General Sydney Lawford [22nd Brigade].
1 volume.

15 Oct 1914–29 Dec 1914

France: notebooks and notes. Notes kept by LSA during and after the first battle of Ypres [Belgium], including: accounts of the battle by other soldiers; orders and messages of the 20th Brigade [of 7th Division]; accounts of actions by individual soldiers.
1 volume.

07 Oct 1914-Jan 1915

France: notebooks and notes. Loose notes kept by LSA, including: note on LSA's wartime employment; notes on operations of the 4th Corps; guidance notes on trench warfare.
1 file.

Oct 1914-Mar 1915

Maps of France and Belgium. Includes annotations of troop positions, a diagram of German trenches and general instructions for the Indian Army Corps.
2 files.

Oct 1914-Nov 1914

The Balkans. Memoranda, reports and notes on LSA's intelligence work while in the Balkans, including: notes on the Serbian army, railways, navigable rivers and roads, and on Austrian positions and Russian naval forces in the area; journal kept by LSA during his time in the Balkans; maps, notes and navigation information on the river Danube; notes on relations with Greece; annotated print of LSA's military report on Serbia; telegrams and letters from LSA to [? Major-General Charles Callwell, Director of Military Operations at the War Office] on the positions of Bulgaria, Romania and Greece, attempts to make Serbia cede Macedonia to Bulgaria, the views of King Ferdinand of Bulgaria on Russia and Austria, British opinion in the Balkans, Allied offers to Bulgaria, diplomatic deadlock with Romania, the need for a larger British force in the area, the health of King Constantine of Greece, and LSA's request to return home in order to report fully; letters to LSA from John Baldwin [British Consul-General in Romania] on river traffic on the Danube for transporting troops (2); notes on the military situation in the Dardanelles.
5 files.

Mar 1915-Jul 1915

The Case for Compulsory Service. Articles, notes, and reports on the campaign for compulsory National Service (Military Service or conscription), including: speech by Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Lee; memoranda by LSA on general principles and application of National Service, numbers available under compulsory service, the effects on national production, local conscription, rifle output and distribution, actual strength and requirements of the army, on Cabinet discussions of compulsory service, on the diplomatic situation in the Balkans and on the military situation in the Dardanelles; article by Brigadier-General Francis Stone on the recruitment policy of Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener [Secretary of State for War]; article by Professor Fossey Hearnshaw on the history of compulsory service; notes of a speech on the need for more recruitment by LSA in secret session (April 1916); notes from a speech on recruitment by Herbert Asquith [Prime Minister, later 1st Lord Oxford and Asquith] in secret session; proof article by LSA on the recruitment crisis; reports on recruiting by 17th Lord Derby, Director-General of Recruiting [earlier Lord Stanley] with notes by LSA; explanatory memorandum on the Compulsory Military Service Bill. Also includes: letter from General Sir Henry Rawlinson [Commander, 4th Corps] on heavy losses suffered by his men, and asking LSA to write a report on the battle at Neuve Chapelle [France]; letter from LSA to Winston Churchill [First Lord of the Admiralty] on the Dardanelles and his concern that delay might compromise relations with Romania and Bulgaria; letters from LSA to Rupert Gwynne and [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain on difficulties with the policy of Andrew Bonar Law [Leader of Unionist Party] on Ireland, particularly Home Rule; letter from LSA to Sir [James] Percy Fitzpatrick on the course of the war in South Africa, the Balkans and the Dardanelles.
2 files.

Mar 1915-Mar 1920

The Case for Compulsory Service: cuttings. Cuttings of articles by LSA on the campaign for compulsory National Service (Military Service or conscription), written for the Times and the Daily Mail.
1 file.

Aug 1915-Oct 1915

Memoranda written in the War Office. Texts of memoranda by LSA on subjects including: the position of forces in Salonika [Thessaloniki, Greece], Salonika's defence and the effect on the Dardanelles Campaign; notes on a General Staff memorandum on the factors affecting the choice of a plan of campaign; a projected campaign against Turkey in the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus; the position of Bulgaria; using propaganda in the Balkans; forces required for the reconquest of Serbia and for an advance on Hungary; the potential strength of Turkish forces; the position of Romania; requirements for a general offensive; relations between the operations and intelligence branches of the General Staff. Also includes: memorandum by unknown author on an Imperial Parliament for defence and foreign policy, separating imperial and domestic legislation, and representation in an Imperial Parliament; press cuttings on the Parliament Bill debate and the deferment of the Munitions Bill.
2 files.

Nov 1915-Mar 1916

The League of Nations. Memoranda and cabinet papers on the League, including: minutes of a meeting of the Imperial Conference (1923), with an annotated statement by LSA on naval defence; letters from LSA to [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain [Minister of Health and Chancellor of the Exchequer] and the Prime Minister [Stanley Baldwin] on protectionism, safeguarding industry and Imperial Preference; report of the Cabinet committee on Iraq (1923); report of the French committee on the constitution of a League of Nations; note by LSA on the practical difficulties of a League; memorandum by LSA on treaties of mutual guarantee and armaments reduction; memoranda by LSA on the situation in Iraq, including draft military and financial agreements (1922-23); copies of telegrams between the Chancellor of the Exchequer [Stanley Baldwin] and Prime Minister [Andrew Bonar Law] on Britain's war debt to the United States (1923); extracts from a speech by Senator Henry Lodge on the foundation of a league to enforce peace (1917); pamphlet by 1st Lord Grey on the foundation of a League of Nations (1918); reports of the sub-committee on national and imperial defence (1923), including a memorandum by 4th Lord Salisbury, chairman [earlier Lord Cranborne] on co-ordinating defence forces; notes on Government policy on protectionism, raising import duty on luxury goods and easing agricultural taxation; pamphlet by the League of Nations Society, including various articles on the principles and workings of the League (1917); copies of letters from 1st Lord Bryce and Sir [James] Eric Drummond [Private Secretary to Foreign Secretary, later 16th Lord Perth] to the Prime Minister [David Lloyd George] on the foundation of the League (1917); article by Edward Earle on H G Wells and international politics.
1 file.

May 1917-Mar 1951

Army Salary. Notes and correspondence on the question of whether LSA received pay as a Minister, secretary to the War Cabinet, or member of the Armed Forces, with correspondents including: James Lowther [Speaker of the House of Commons, later 1st Lord Ullswater]; Cyril Longhurst, Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet; Stanley Baldwin [Financial Secretary to the Treasury].
1 file.

Jun 1918-Jul 1918

Correspondence on Rowson Ideal Film. Correspondence with S Rowson of the Ideal Film Renting Company Limited on payment for LSA's draft of a projected film history of the war.
1 file.

May 1918-Jul 1918

Imperial War Cabinet: Peace Terms: Territorial. Cabinet papers on the post-war settlement, including: General Staff memorandum on preparing for peace negotiations; memorandum by Sir Ralph Paget and Sir William Tyrrell [Assistant Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs] on a basis for a territorial settlement in Europe; memorandum by Arthur Balfour [Foreign Secretary] on aims of a peace settlement; notes on peace terms and ensuring success in a future war by Admiral Sir Henry Jackson, 1st Sea Lord; memorandum by 5th Lord Lansdowne [Minister without Portfolio, earlier Lord Kerry] on the Allied ability to dictate terms; memoranda by General Sir William Robertson, Chief of Imperial General Staff and Major-General George Macdonogh, Director of Military Intelligence, on likely German peace terms; reports of the Committee of Imperial Defence sub-committee on territorial changes to German colonies and other islands in the Pacific, German colonies in Africa, and exchange of colonies between Britain, France and the other Allies.
1 file.

Aug 1916-Mar 1917

Imperial War Cabinet: Peace Terms: Economic and Non-Territorial. Cabinet papers on the post-war settlement, including: report and minutes of 1st Lord Milner's committee on terms of peace; recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies; report of the committee on commercial and industrial policy, on post-war imports from enemy countries.
1 file.

Jun 1916-Apr 1917

Minutes of 'X' meetings. Notes of War Cabinet discussions [between David Lloyd George, Prime Minister, 1st Lord Milner, Secretary of State for War and General Sir Henry Wilson, Chief of Imperial General Staff] on subjects including: the Western front in France and Italy; American forces on the Western front; reinforcements from Ireland; the situation on the Western front, including mingling British and French forces; the situation in Russia, including Japan's intervention; future military policy; the German offensive; use of Czechoslovak troops; the French view of the British waste of man-power; plans of operation for 1919.
1 file.

May 1918-Jul 1918

General notes. Notes by LSA, including: notes of Cabinet discussions on subjects including the Eastern and Western fronts and home defence; notes on peace proposals; notes on the situation in the Balkans. Also includes: correspondence with Leonard Stein [Vice-President, Jewish Historical Society of England] on meetings leading up to the Balfour Declaration on Palestine in 1917.
2 files.

Dec 1917-Jul 1952

Cabinet memoranda and other undated memoranda. Cabinet papers, including: note by LSA on the Government's agreement to the campaign plan for 1918; memorandum by Lord Robert Cecil [Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on preventing future wars by international agreements, with comments by Sir Eyre Crowe [Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]; interim report of the committee on the League of Nations; notes by [?] LSA on the prevention of war and a League of Nations; memoranda by 9th Duke of Devonshire, Secretary of State for the Colonies [earlier Lord Hartington] on British policy in Palestine and the Balfour Declaration, with the report of the committee on Palestine (1923); memorandum by Lieutenant-General Jan Smuts [South African Representative at the Imperial War Cabinet] on the proposed League of Nations; notes by LSA on the purpose of the Imperial Conference; note by Julian Corbett, Director of Historical Section, Committee of Imperial Defence, on procedure for armistices; notes by LSA on the position of Salonika [Thessaloniki, Greece]; notes by LSA on operations in 1917 on the Western and Eastern fronts, in the Balkans and in the Middle East; report by LSA for the committee on territorial changes, on German colonies in Africa; report by LSA on the naturalization of aliens within the Empire; note on the functions of the Supreme War Council; note by Godfrey Paine, 5th Sea Lord of the Admiralty [and Director of Naval Air Service] on the British airbase at the Azores, and its relation to naval strategy; notes by [?] LSA on the future of the Cabinet system; notes by LSA on the aims of British policy on peace terms; note by LSA and Colonel Charles Sackville-West [British Military Representative of Allied Military Committee of Versailles, later 4th Lord Sackville] on the British and French lines on the Western Front; note by LSA on investing the surplus capital of the Trade Unions; note by LSA on regrouping motor transport for divisions; draft of the National Governments (Ireland) Bill; memorandum by LSA on the Irish problem, proposing a single Irish Parliament, divided into panels for Ulster and the rest of Ireland; notes on German East Africa [later Tanganyika and Tanzania], particularly its colonisation by Indians; notes on Cameroon; note from LSA to General Smuts, suggesting a new railway in Palestine, and a memorandum on the future of Palestine.
2 files.

Oct 1916-Jul 1923

Peace terms and peace aims. Material on the peace settlement, including: press cuttings; copy of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between the Central Powers and the Ukraine; memorandum of the Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist war aims; memorandum by LSA on relations with the United States, particularly concerning the future of German colonies; note by 1st Lord Curzon on policy towards German and Turkish colonies; French memorandum on British colonial interests; letter from Chaim Weizmann on the future of Palestine, with pamphlet of the British Palestine Committee; Foreign Office memorandum on the administration of Spitsbergen; memorandum by Arthur Balfour [Foreign Secretary] on aims at the end of the war; memorandum by Richard Feetham on the future of German East Africa [later Tanganyika and Tanzania]; memorandum on the future of French colonies in the United States and Canada; memorandum by Albanians living in the United States on the future of Albania; pamphlet by Professor Ramsay Muir on the character of the Empire; print of a lecture by Robert Williams, Managing Director of Tanganyika Concessions, Limited, on German possessions in Central Africa; issue of the African Society journal.
1 file.

Aug 1917-Dec 1918

Inwards letters from 1st Lord Milner. Letters from Milner to LSA on subjects including: LSA working for Milner; the War Office; the National Service campaign; the 1907 Imperial Conference and a speech by Alfred Deakin [Prime Minister of Australia and Australian representative at the Imperial Conference]; the Compatriots [tariff reform group]; the South African Government; using a voice specialist to help Milner with his speeches; articles by LSA on army reform; Milner's own weariness; his disagreement with the Government's policy on South Africa; cutting himself off from the Unionists. Also includes: letter from John Buchan [Private Secretary to Milner as High Commissioner for South Africa, later 1st Lord Tweedsmuir] on employment of reservists and volunteer troops in South Africa; telegram from Alfred Deakin.

Jul 1901-Jul 1951

Inwards letters from 1st Lord Milner. Letters from Milner to LSA on subjects including: the Compatriots [tariff reform group]; payment for LSA's work; LSA's work on the Times History of the South African War; Milner's concerns about the new South African constitution; the political situation in Australia; LSA's visit to Australia with the Empire Parliamentary Association; the death of George Wyndham; Home Rule for Ulster; LSA's poor chances of gaining a parliamentary seat at Oxford and failure at Wolverhampton [Staffordshire]; Milner's affection for LSA (in writing to AFA); LSA's success in winning the Sparkbrook seat in Birmingham [Warwickshire]. Also includes: letter from LSA to Milner on trade with Canada and Imperial import duties; note from George Wyndham to Milner; letter from Sir Edward Carson to Milner, asking him to visit Northern Ireland, and noting his respect for LSA.
1 file.

Mar 1908-Jul 1914

Correspondence with 1st Lord Milner. Correspondence between Milner and LSA on subjects including: training troops in South Africa; the South African labour problem and immigration from China; LSA's foundation of an Imperialist group; the success of General Sir Paul Methuen [Commander-in-Chief Eastern Command] in the South African War, and Milner's concerns about Methuen's military position; the Cape Colony; Milner's own future after leaving South Africa; the 1907 Imperial Conference and ideals of imperial policy; tariff reform and economic policy, particularly regarding speeches by Milner; the Compatriots [tariff reform group]; plans by Major-General Sir Coleridge Grove for universal military training; LSA's employment; the future of the Unionists; education policy; the Home Rule Bill and policy on Ireland. Also includes: note by Florence Amery (1928) with a letter from Milner, sympathising with her on having her honeymoon cut short by LSA standing as a candidate for Bow and Bromley [London]; press cuttings on Milner, including on his future and his work as High Commissioner for South Africa.
2 files.

Jan 1903-Nov 1928

Lord Milner papers: correspondence. Letters and minutes between LSA and Milner on subjects including: policy on Ireland; the lack of organisation for recruitment and training on the outbreak of war; the campaign for conscription or National Service; the stalemate on the Western Front; the Dardanelles Campaign and the situation in the Balkans; the need for a change in Government and more concentration on the Empire, rather than Britain's place in Europe; David Lloyd-George's new coalition Government, and reasons for Milner not being given a place in it; Field Marshal 1st Lord Kitchener as Secretary of State for War; misleading allegations about Milner's German background; unity of control among the Allies; the Colonial Office conference and Imperial Preference (1917); Home Rule for Ireland; difficulties faced by [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain [Director-General of the National Service department]; the inconsistent approach of the War Cabinet; the need for the air power to have its own department and organisation as an Air Force; supporting muntions production in Canada; food production; supporting Field Marshal Sir Edmund Allenby [Commander-in-Chief Egyptian Expeditionary Force]; suggestions for reorganising the Army's higher command. Also includes: copies of letters by Julian Amery, with a letter from Lionel Curtis [Town Clerk of Johannesburg] to LSA (1909) on the new constitution of South Africa and communications between Britain and the Empire; letters from Milner to Florence Amery.
3 files.

Mar 1909-Sep 1961

Lord Milner papers: correspondence. Letters and minutes between LSA and Milner on subjects including: Milner's new position as Secretary of State for the Colonies and LSA's position as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies; the Raw Materials Board; policy on Cyprus; Portuguese East Africa [later Mozambique]; free trade within the League of Nations; Milner being pulled out from the Colonial Office and sent to the Versailles Peace Conference [France]; the reconstruction of East Africa; Syria; Imperial Preference; the Oversea Settlement Bill; Canadian imports; the government of the West Indies; policy on the Antarctic; the colonial tour of the Prince of Wales [later King Edward VIII and Edward, Duke of Windsor], including Edward Grigg [later 1st Lord Altrincham] having to accompany the prince [as Military Secretary]; the future of Constantinople [later Istanbul, Turkey] and the Near East; the Imperial Conference; Egypt; the governorship of Australia; reviving the Imperial Cabinet system; the administration of Nigeria; LSA's own finances. Also includes: letter from Hugh Thornton [Private Secretary to Milner] on pressure for Milner to take on more foreign policy responsibility, including on Syria; letter from Sir Hugh Clifford [Governor, Gold Coast] on LSA's and Milner's appointments to the Colonial Office, and the colonial policies of the Peace Conference, particularly on Togoland [later Togo]; press cuttings of articles by Sir Sidney Low on Milner's work at the War Office and Colonial Office.
2 files.

Jan 1919-Feb 1921

Lord Milner papers: correspondence and letters on Milner's death and memorial. Correspondents include: Milner on subjects including a Privy Counsellorship for LSA, wheat imports from Canada, LSA's speech on the Overseas Settlement Bill, John Darling and the Imperial Treasury Bill and the Rio Tinto Company's loan to the Government (11), with a letter from Milner to [?] Arthur Balfour, on a silver tray presented to Milner on his retirement, and a letter to Florence Amery on LSA's 1925 visit to the Middle East; Violet, Lady Milner, on the state of the Unionist Party, the Rhodes Trust and a memorial to Milner (8); Sir Otto Beit on Milner's illness; 1st Lord Plumer, on LSA's tribute to Milner; Dame Meriel Talbot on the friendship between Milner and LSA; Violet Carruthers [Violet Markham] on Milner's death.
1 file.

May 1921-Aug 1926

Lord Milner papers: obituaries and credo. Press cuttings on the death of 1st Lord Milner, including obituaries, reminiscences and speeches by LSA, General Jan Smuts and Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister, accounts of the funeral and Milner's statement of his political beliefs, or "credo".
1 file.

May 1925

Lord Milner papers: letters and speeches on 1st Lord Milner. Correspondence on events to mark the centenary of Milner's birth, with correspondents including: Violet, Lady Milner (4); Sir Hugh Thornton [former Private Secretary to Milner] (16); James Mallon; Alan Lennox-Boyd [later 1st Lord Boyd]; Sir [Crawfurd] Wilfrid Eady; Lancelot Graham, Royal Empire Society; Sir Thomas Comyn-Platt. Also includes: press cuttings on Milner, including an article by LSA; copies of a memorial address on the centenary, given by Alan Lennox-Boyd; annotated texts of an address and radio broadcasts on Milner by LSA; transcript of radio programmes on Milner.
1 file.

Oct 1953-Apr 1954

Lord Milner papers: cuttings and articles by and about 1st Lord Milner. Includes: reprint of a series of articles, "The Elements of Reconstruction" on the post-war Empire, with an introduction by Milner; articles on Milner by LSA; reprint of a speech by Milner on the Commonwealth; an appreciation of Milner by Sir [James] Percy Fitzpatrick; paper on Milner and the wartime unified command, by [William] Basil Worsfold; copy of Milner's "credo", or statement of political beliefs; copies of LSA's article "Milner: The Man".
2 files.

1916-Mar 1954

Lord Milner papers: Cape Times article on 1st Lord Milner. Correspondence on LSA's series of articles for the Cape Times on Milner, with correspondents including Lionel Curtis, on controversy over Milner's farm-burning policy in the South African War (3). Also includes: press cuttings of LSA's articles and subsequent correspondence printed in the Cape Times; text of the articles.
1 file.

Mar 1954-Jun 1954

Italian politics. Correspondence between C A Mills, head of British propaganda in Italy, and [Arthur] Basil Williams, forwarded to LSA, on subjects including: attacks on shipping in the Adriatic; political opinion in Italy on the war and ways of countering anti-British feeling, particularly on interest charged on loans to Italy, prices charged for British coal exports and rates of exchange; pro-German feeling and spy scandals in the Vatican; propaganda methods; the English Red Cross in Rome; friction between the Allied fleets; economic reconstruction of Italy. Also includes: articles on the economic reconstruction of Italy and German manipulation of Swiss exchange rates.
1 file.

Dec 1916-Jul 1917

War Office memoranda. Papers including: report of the Committee of Imperial Defence sub-committee on territorial changes (in Equatorial Africa); memorandum by LSA on Allied unity of control; notes by 1st Lord Curzon and [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain, Secretary of State for India, on railways in Persia [later Iran]; telegrams and letter from General Sir [Francis] Reginald Wingate [High Commissioner, Egypt] on Allied territorial claims in North Africa and Abyssinia [later Ethiopia] (8); paper by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Plunkett [chief of military missions in the Balkans] on the military situation on the Salonika Front [Thessaloniki, Greece]; report by Vice-Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss, Commander-in-Chief, East Indies and Egypt [later 1st Lord Wester Wemyss] on the situation in Arabia and the naval importance of the territory of Sheikh Said; minutes of a Cabinet conference on Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Mark Sykes's political mission to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force; memoranda by LSA on Ireland and the Home Rule Bill; telegrams between Major-General Sir Percy Cox [Chief Political Officer, Indian Expeditionary Force] and the Foreign Secretary [Arthur Balfour] on the future administration of Mesopotamia [Iraq] (6); Admiralty memorandum on the strategic importance of Heligoland [Germany] as a naval base; copies of agreements between the Allies and Italy, on subjects including Constantinople [later Istanbul, Turkey], Romania and Asiatic Turkey; memorandum by LSA on peace terms; appreciation by 1st Lord Hardinge of Penshurst [Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs] on reviewing agreements with Russia, Italy and Romania, in view of their war contributions; memorandum by LSA on the situation in Greece; Colonial Office note on Togoland [later Togo]; note by [John] Douglas Hazen, Canadian Minister of Marine and Fisheries, on Britain's proposed acquisition of Greenland; note from Sir Louis Mallet to LSA on Allied claims in Djibouti; report and minutes of the committee on peace terms, into territorial claims in Africa, Asia, the Pacific and Europe; telegram from Sir George Buchanan [British Ambassador to Russia] on the attitude of the new Russian Council of Workmen and Soldiers' Deputies to the war; memoranda by LSA on the possible secession of Russia from the Allies, the changing position of Austria towards peace, the situation in Serbia and on policy towards Greece; administrative instructions by Rear-Admiral [William] Reginald Hall, Director, Intelligence Division.
2 files.

Jan 1917-Jun 1917

War Office memoranda. Papers including: telegram from General Sir [Francis] Reginald Wingate [High Commissioner, Egypt] on Allied territorial claims in North Africa; note from General Sir William Robertson, Chief of Imperial General Staff, to 1st Lord Hardinge of Penshurst [Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs] on Italy's contribution to the war; memorandum by Lord Robert Cecil [Minister of Blockade, later 1st Lord Cecil of Chelwood] on Italian claims in Asia Minor [Turkey]; summary of a memorandum by Sir George Paish on the financial effects of the war; telegram from Wilfred Thesiger [former Consul-General at Abyssinia, later Ethiopia] on British and Italian claims in Abyssinia; copies of telegrams between Walter Long, Secretary of State for the Colonies, and 5th Lord Liverpool, Governor of New Zealand [earlier Arthur Savile-Foljambe] on the future of German colonies in the Pacific; notes by LSA on imperial organisation and on the possible entry of Norway into the war; letter from Colonel Charles Yate on a German wireless station at Spitsbergen, with Foreign Office note and letter from Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, 1st Sea Lord; memoranda by LSA on the chances of Austria making a separate peace and on Noel Buxton's scheme for detaching Austria and Bulgaria from Germany; memoranda by Captain J E Philipps, on intelligence from Central and Eastern Africa, and Central African railway extensions; memorandum on German war aims; memoranda by Captain Aubrey Herbert on the situation in Turkey and on the possibility of a separate peace with Turkey; memoranda by LSA on the conference in Paris [France], calling for a single Allied military and naval command in the Near East, on the state of the War Cabinet and on a Socialist conference at Stockholm [Sweden]; note on the pro-German Catholic Bishop Hirth of Ruanda, German East Africa [later Tanzania]; note on the suggested cession of the Virgin Islands to the United States; telegram from William Hughes [Prime Minister of Australia] on the Australian Division, requesting that the troops should be kept together under Australian officers; memoranda by LSA on the turning point of the war, stressing the danger of defeat and the need for change in direction and strategy, on the future of Germany's colonies, on Irish fiscal autonomy and the protection of Irish industry, on organisation of the Allied Supreme War Council, and on the need for a restatement of Unionist policy; notes on the functions and duties of permanent military advisers to the Supreme War Council, and on matters for the minister in charge; notes on the military situation in Armenia, in the Balkans and in Greece; notes by LSA on meetings of the Supreme War Council (December 1917), future strategy, policy towards the new Bolshevik Government in Russia and future operations in Palestine.
2 files.

Jun 1917-Dec 1917

War Office memoranda. Notes and memoranda by LSA on subjects including: prospects for 1918; summarising arms supplies and battalion strengths; advances in Palestine and Syria; the future status of Egypt; the political aspects of campaigns in 1919; unity of operations in the East; the future of the Supreme War Council; Allied policy in Russia; the Irish Convention, Irish federalism, Irish passive resistance and the exclusion of Ulster from a Home Rule Bill; future military policy; the German spring offensive on the Western Front; the prevention of a future war; Allied war aims and military policy; the constitutional development of South Africa; the future of the Imperial Cabinet system; British man-power (writing as 1st Lord Milner, Secretary of State for War); relations between the Operations and Intelligence branches in the War Office; exploiting successes in Turkey; territorial claims in the Balkans; [Thomas] Woodrow Wilson [President of the United States] and his 14 points for peace; terms for an armistice with Austria-Hungary; preserving Anglo-American relations after the war, by showing restraint in policy towards German colonies; the future government of Lorenzo Marques [Portuguese East Africa, later Maputo, Mozambique]; extracting war indemnities from Germany. Also includes: report by Lieutenant-General Jan Smuts on his mission to Egypt; note on the situation in Persia [Iran]; memorandum by Arthur Samuels, Attorney-General for Ireland, on the Irish priests' anti-conscription campaign, Sinn Fein and the chances of a Home Rule Bill; note on Imperial naval defence.
2 files.

Jan 1918-Dec 1918

Papers on the Balfour Declaration. Papers on the declaration by Arthur Balfour, Foreign Secretary, on the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, including: proclamations of martial law in Jerusalem, by Field Marshal Sir Edmund Allenby; print of a Journal of Commonwealth Political Studies paper on the genesis of the declaration; War Cabinet copy of letters between 2nd Lord Rothschild and Balfour, on a formula which he could present to the Zionist Federation; alternative declaration by 1st Lord Milner; letters between Julian Amery and Leonard Stein [President of the Jewish Historical Society]; letters between LSA and Geoffrey Dawson [Editor of the Times, earlier Geoffrey Robinson] on why Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minister, rather than 1st Lord Curzon.
1 file.

Jul 1917-Nov 1962

Historical reports. Notes on subjects including: historical relations between Germany and France, particularly on Prince Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany, and the Franco-Prussian War, Serbia and the Balkans, German colonial policy in Africa, Germany's alliance with Turkey and general German policy, 1894-1904; the Casablanca Incident [Morocco] of 1908; German attempts to prevent an alliance between Britain, France and Russia (1904-5); the Conference of Algeciras [Spain] (1906); Kaiser Wilhelm II; the German Navy (1895-1909); general German history (1870-90); Germany's policy on Alsace-Lorraine and Poland. Also includes: notes on an alleged statement by LSA supporting a new constitution for Malta; press-cuttings on Germany's build-up to the war and attempts to forge an alliance with Russia and France against Britain, and on Australian claims to German colonies; article by Colonel 3rd Lord Gorell, Deputy Director of Staff Duties (Education) at the War Office [earlier Ronald Gorell Barnes] on the educational training scheme within the British Army; article by the British Palestine Committee on Palestine and the Colonial Office, particularly on plans to establish Maltese colonies in Palestine, and Jewish colonisation plans.
2 files.

Sep 1917-Sep 1919

British military policy. General Staff memorandum on military policy for all fronts, 1918-19, including the immediate situation (July 1918), preparation for future advances, the decisive final phase and the situation of the Empire after the war. Also includes: appendix on the situation of the American Army; comparison of Allied and enemy rifle strengths, Jan 1918 to July 1919; map of the frontiers of Syria and Mesopotamia [Iraq]; letter to the Times from Captain [William] Arthur Moore, on bringing the war to an end; military map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia [Iran].
1 file.

May 1917-Jul 1918

The future of the Imperial Cabinet system. Memorandum by LSA on the Imperial Cabinet, improvements required in the constitution of the Imperial Conference, communication between different Governments of the Empire, and the distribution of administrative work between different departments and the Colonial Office. Includes rough notes on the memorandum, and on the Imperial Conference of 1918.
1 file.

May 1918-Jul 1918

Report on British man-power. Includes: annotated report by Lieutenant-Colonel Roure of the French Ministry of War, on British man-power and suggested reorganisation of the army; notes on the report by LSA (for the Secretary of State for War), with comments by various individuals and departments; letters from Philip Lloyd-Greame [Joint Secretary of Ministry of National Service, later Philip Cunliffe-Lister and 1st Lord Swinton] on the report, particularly as affecting the Air Ministry (2); notes on the British war effort, particularly relating to France, in the Royal Navy, merchant service, steel, coal and textile industries; copy of a letter from the Shipbuilding Employers Federation and Shipyard Trade Unions National Joint Committee, with a resolution on their concern about the withdrawal of workers from the shipyards for the army; memorandum by Sir Charles Sykes, Director of Wool Textile Production, on man-power in the wool textile trade; notes on recruitment in 1917; memorandum by Sir Eric Geddes [First Lord of the Admiralty] on the naval efforts of Britain and the United States.
2 files.

Jun 1918-Aug 1918

Prints and cuttings. Includes: print of Royal Geographical Society paper by Major-General Sir Frederick Sykes, Controller-General of Civil Aviation, on Imperial air routes; press-cuttings of articles by LSA on Imperial economic development, the Irish Home Rule bill, the Empire tour of the Prince of Wales [later King Edward VIII and Edward, Duke of Windsor], the trade agreement between Canada and the West Indies, and Mount Everest; review by 1st Lord Altrincham [earlier Edward Grigg] of a biography of David Lloyd George; notes for LSA's memoirs on his actions against Lloyd George in 1922 and the results for imperial policy, and on an undertaking by Lloyd George to enable peers to address the House of Commons as ministers.
1 file.

Apr 1920-c 1949

Oversea Settlement Papers. Papers relating to LSA's chairmanship of the Oversea Settlement Committee, including: press-cutting of an interview given by LSA on emigration to the Dominions; prints of speeches by LSA in support of work by the Fellowship of the Maple Leaf in Canada, and on Empire migration; memoranda by LSA on the Imperial Conference of 1921 and its resolution on state-aided settlement, the effects of emigration on unemployment, emigration facts and figures and migration within the Empire; reports of the Oversea Settlement Committee, 1920-1921, and of the Empire Settlement Committee, 1917; draft of the Empire Settlement bill; notes of discussions on oversea settlement in New Zealand, Australia and Canada.
1 file.

Aug 1917-Jul 1922

Malta. Colonial Office correspondence and memoranda on Malta, with correspondents including: Sir Gerald Strickland [Member of Malta Legislative Assembly] on circulating Empire news to counter propaganda, the new constitution, the influence of Italy, the use of English in Malta and the behaviour of ministers in Parliament (8); Edward Wood [Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies, later 1st Lord Irwin and 1st Lord Halifax]; 1st Lord Plumer, Governor of Malta, on subjects including the Malta dockyards, the Lieutenant-Governor, emigration to Australia and using Maltese crews in shipping (8); William Robertson, Lieutenant-Governor of Malta; Sir Howard d'Egville; Sir Edgar Walton, High Commissioner in London for South Africa, on the rights of South African ministers to speak in Parliament, and possible parallels in Malta (2); Sir James Masterton-Smith [Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]; Sir Edward Lucas, Agent-General for South Australia, on emigration of boys from Malta; Percy Hunter, Australian Director of Migration and Settlement (3); the Secretary of State for the Colonies [Winston Churchill]; Henry Casolani, Maltese Superintendent of Emigration (3); William Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia, on Maltese immigration; 1st Lord Inchcape [Chairman, P and O Company, earlier James Mackay] on using Maltese instead of Indian crew on shipping lines; Edmund Boyd [Private Secretary to Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State for the Colonies]; Frank Strahan, Secretary to Australian Delegation to Imperial Conference (2); [William] Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada, on restrictions imposed on Maltese immigrants; 9th Duke of Devonshire [Secretary of State for the Colonies, earlier Lord Hartington]; Stanley Bruce [Prime Minister of Australia] on Maltese immigration into Australia; James Thomas [Secretary of State for the Colonies]. Also includes: report by LSA on Malta's financial and economic situation; memorandum by 1st Lord Milner, Secretary of State for the Colonies on the necessity for dealing with the situation; press-cuttings from Maltese newspapers; address by Lord Plumer on the new constitution; reports of the Maltese Emigration Committee on emigration from Malta; memoranda by Plumer on reorganisation of the Malta Militia; memorandum by Henry Casolani, on emigration from Malta to the United States; texts of interviews between Casolani and Sir James Mitchell, Premier of Western Australia, and Edmund Jowett [President of British Immigration League of Australia].
3 files.

Sep 1919-Mar 1924

Currency papers. Memoranda and Cabinet papers on currency issues, including: pamphlet on "The Real Yellow Peril" or problems caused by exchange rates with China, by 1st Lord Desborough [earlier William Grenfell]; memorandum by LSA and Sir Laming Worthington-Evans [Minister of Pensions] on Imperial Exchange and currency, including suggestions for an Empire currency and bank, by John Darling; India Office memorandum on a new Imperial currency system for India; memoranda by Basil Blackett [Controller of Finance, Treasury] and Ralph Hawtrey [Director of Financial Enquiries, Treasury] on proposals for a uniform Imperial currency, and on Imperial exchanges; memorandum by Sir Robert Horne, President of the Board of Trade, on the need for a early restoration of sterling; responses by Sir Laming Worthington-Evans, LSA and John Darling, to the Treasury memorandum on a uniform Imperial currency; memorandum by LSA on money policy, particularly Britain's debt to the United States, internal debt and taxation, industry and trade, an Empire currency and restoration of silver's parity with gold.
1 file.

Mar 1920-Apr 1921

Printed annual reports of British colonies and protectorates. Annual colonial reports for: Jamaica (1921-24); Cayman Islands (1922-25); Trinidad and Tobago (1921-25); Grenada (1922-25); St Lucia (1921-24); St Vincent (1921-25); Leeward Islands (1920-26); Turks and Caicos Islands (1921-25); Barbados (1920-26); Bermuda (1921-24); Bahamas (1920-25). Also includes: report of the West Indian Currency Committee; memorandum on the establishment of a telegraph system in the West Indies; report by Edward Wood, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies [later 1st Lord Irwin and 1st Lord Halifax] on his visit to the West Indies, particularly on constitutional, economic and medical conditions; Department of Overseas Trade report on economic and financial conditions in the West Indies.
3 files.

1920–1926

Naval papers (including Singapore). Admiralty and Cabinet papers, including: memoranda [? by LSA] on recent naval policy, and making use of Britain's reduced naval power, on the importance of Singapore and on the cruiser position; memorandum by Sir Maurice Hankey, Secretary to the Cabinet, on a proposed naval base at Singapore; Admiralty memorandum on Empire naval policy and co-operation; memorandum and statement by LSA on the navy estimates, 1923-24; Admiralty memorandum on relative naval strengths and the One Power Standard; report of the National and Imperial Defence sub-committee on relations between the Navy and Air Force, with notes in protest by LSA and the Sea Lords; memorandum by LSA on the proposed sale of the Government's holding in the Anglo-Persian Oil Company [later BP]; memorandum by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on the proposed new construction programme (1923-28); annotated copies of Hansard for debates on the navy estimates. Also includes: notes for LSA's memoirs (1923); letter from Professor Norman Gibbs [Chichele Professor of the History of War in the University of Oxford] commenting on Volume IV of LSA's memoirs (1955); Naval Review article on Winston Churchill's account of his time as First Lord of the Admiralty, in "The World Crisis".
1 file.

Oct 1922-Aug 1955

Inventory of furniture of Admiralty House, Whitehall. Includes photographs of the rooms in Admiralty House.
1 volume.

Sep 1922

Article from Country Life on Admiralty Old Building, Whitehall. Bound copy of articles on the Admiralty buildings and furniture.
1 volume.

Jul 1923-Nov 1923

Fiscal file. Papers on taxation and industry, particularly relating to free trade and the McKenna duties [tax on luxury imports], including: notes by LSA on unemployment and the resulting Labour election victory [? of 1924]; pamphlets on free trade, protectionism, the problems of industry, Empire trade figures and tariff reform; Silk Association enquiry into the silk industry and report of evidence given to the Board of Trade into the industry; trade figures, including iron and steel output; papers from the National Union of Manufacturers, calling for the retention of the McKenna duties and protesting at loans to Germany; reprint of articles by Henry Page Croft on the failure of free trade and the need to safeguard industry; text of a speech by Sir John Beale on the difficulties of developing a new industry; letter from John Remer on imports from Germany; reprint of an article by Sir Harry Foster on free trade.
1 file.

1888-Apr 1924

McKenna Duties. Papers relating to tax on luxury imports, including: Unionist Central Office hints for speakers on the withdrawal of the McKenna duties; press-cuttings on results for the motor industry if the duties were withdrawn; Board of Trade import and export statistics for the motor trade and silk industry under the McKenna duties; memorandum on the effect of the reimposition of the duties; Board of Trade papers on the McKenna duties (relating to the motor industry, musical instruments, clocks and watches and films), silk duties and safeguarding duties (on lace, cutlery, gloves, gas lamps and wrapping paper); letters from the Federation of British Music Industries, representatives of motor manufacturers and other Birmingham industries, petitioning for the retention of the McKenna duties; annotated copies of Hansard covering debates on import duties (May 1924).
2 files.

Mar 1924-Mar 1927

Notes for speeches. Manuscript drafts of speeches by LSA on subjects including: brotherhood; Canada as an Imperial nation; support for election candidates; terrorism in Ireland; the appeal by Field Marshal 1st Lord Haig for volunteers to join the British Legion; the constitution of Britain and the Empire.
1 file.

c 1918-Apr 1922

Memoranda. Memoranda by LSA on subjects including: the need for a reconstruction Cabinet after the war; policy on Imperial Preference and safeguarding of industry; the relation of overseas trade with employment; war reparations from Germany which could be used for Imperial development; Empire development as a part of trade policy; proposed financial assistance to develop Imperial resources; the Safeguarding of Industries Act, as applied to France, Belgium and Italy; Civil Commissioners and supply and transport organisation; co-ordination of defence forces. Also includes: first report of the committee on organisation of the after-war army (the Grigg Report), with covering letter from Edward Grigg [later 1st Lord Altrincham]; memorandum by the Colonial Office Middle East Department on policy towards Mosul [Iraq]; memoranda by the Imperial Communications Committee, Maurice Headlam, Treasury representative, LSA and the Postmaster-General [Sir William Joynson-Hicks, later 1st Lord Brentford] on an Imperial wireless system; report of the sub-committee on development of a commercial airship service, or the Burney Airship scheme.
1 file.

Jan 1919-Jul 1923

Protection and preference. Memoranda by LSA on taxation and Imperial Preference, particularly: the British Dyestuffs Agreement; proposed financial assistance to develop Imperial resources, the position regarding protection and preference and the relation of overseas trade to employment; comments on a Board of Trade memorandum on Imperial preference; the McKenna duties [tax on luxury imports]; the relation of overseas trade to employment. Also includes: memorandum by Sir Philip Lloyd-Greame [President of the Board of Trade, later Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister and 1st Lord Swinton] on the British Dyestuffs Agreement, with covering letters by Lloyd-Greame (2) and Arnold Overton [Private Secretary to Lloyd-Greame]; draft election address drafted by LSA for Stanley Baldwin's 1923 Prime Ministerial election address on taxation, industry and employment; Admiralty memorandum on Empire naval policy and co-operation, particularly relating to the Irish Free State [later Ireland]; suggestions and recommendations of the Tariff Advisory Committee.
1 file.

Jun 1923-Jan 1924

Irish Boundary Question. Includes: draft of a letter written by LSA to the Times on the breakdown of the inter-Party conference on Ireland and the Government's policy of breaking up the United Kingdom (1914); reprint of a Times article on a suggested Irish settlement; print of an address to Unionist MPs on the Irish boundary question, by Ronald McNeill [Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, later 1st Lord Cushendun]; reprint of an article by Sir Kingsley Wood, on the case for Ulster; article on the first three years of the Government of Northern Ireland; extracts from parliamentary papers on the Irish Boundary Treaty, 1921; Unionist Central Office hints for speakers on the boundary question; print of an article by Professor Douglas Savory on the partition of Ireland.
1 file.

Jul 1914–1957

Disarmament and League of Nations. Includes: reprints of the League's protocol for the pacific settlement of international disputes, the League's covenant and annotated texts of the League's Treaty of Mutual Assistance; prints of agreements between the Allies and Germany on war reparations; text and press cutting of an article by LSA on the threat to the Navy and the Empire from League's proposed disarmament pact.
1 file.

Sep 1923-Oct 1924

Policy Secretariat. Papers and correspondence on the future of the Unionist Party Policy Secretariat, with correspondents including: Lancelot Storr [Secretary to the Shadow Cabinet of the Unionist Party and to the secretariat], on plans to close the secretariat, detailing existing staff and the functions of a political bureau (2); [Francis] Stanley Jackson [Chairman of the Unionist Party] on the costs of the secretariat and finding new places for staff; Pembroke Wicks, Principal Assistant Secretary to the secretariat (2). Also includes: staff list; summary of suggested functions; memorandum by LSA and Samuel Hoare [later 1st Lord Templewood] on the uses of the secretariat, advising its retention; memorandum by Lancelot Storr on the establishment and functions of the secretariat.
1 file.

Nov 1924