Janus: The Papers of Julian Amery

Churchill/AMEJ 1 contains:
1	Spain, the Balkans and the Second World War
2	General political
3	United Europe
4	War Office
5	Colonial Office
6	Air Ministry and Ministry of Aviation
7	General political
8	Department of the Environment
9	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
10	General political

More information

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The Papers of Julian Amery

Title	Spain, the Balkans and the Second World War
Reference	AMEJ 1/1
Covering Dates	1931–1954 (The majority of files date from 1936-1950.)
Extent and Medium	10 archive boxes

Content and context

Includes: papers from JA's work as a war correspondent for the Daily Express, Daily Telegraph and News Chronicle in the Spanish Civil War; correspondence, memoranda, diaries and telegrams from JA's work for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Yugoslavia, the Middle East, Albania and China; later papers on Yugoslavia and the Balkans, including notes from JA's part in a post-war operation to overthrow the Communist regime in Albania; personal war service papers.

Churchill/AMEJ 1/1 contains:

Spain: papers and correspondence. Correspondents include: Lord Halifax [earlier Edward Wood and Lord Irwin], Foreign Secretary, writing to Leo Amery on the difficulty in making JA an attache in Spain; Sir Robert Hodgson [British Agent in Nationalist Spain]; Robert Menzies, Australian Attorney-General, writing to Leo Amery on JA's articles; 17th Duke of Alba, Spanish Ambassador to Britain (3); Alfonso de Merry de Val (2); George Edinger (3); Leo Amery on subjects including whether JA should go to Spain; Guy Burgess, BBC Talks Department; Arthur Mann, Editor of the Yorkshire Post, writing to Leo Amery on why he couldn't take JA's articles; 1st Lord Lloyd, Chairman of the British Council; Chang Ching-Hui, Prime Minister of Manchukuo [Manchuria, China], writing to General Francisco Franco on relations between Spain and Manchukuo. Also includes: cuttings of articles by JA on the war; pamphlets; official papers (safe conducts, identity papers etc); photographs of JA's friends; letters of introduction and visiting cards (including a note of introduction from Randolph Churchill and letters from Florence Amery and Leo Amery); correspondence with JA's journalist colleagues and with the newspapers taking his articles, particularly the Daily Express; itinerary for travelling in northern Spain; questionnaires on the organisation, orientation and policy of the Nationalist Party; plan for future public works; biographical information on General Jose Varela, General Antonio Aranda and General Queipo de Llano; notes on Carmen Franco; rough notes and draft articles by JA.
3 files.

Apr 1938-Aug 1939

Spain: papers and correspondence. Includes: letters from JA to Florence Amery and Leo Amery; JA's British Union of Fascists membership card; notes on the Charter of Labour; correspondence on repairs to JA's car; papers on the welfare movement, Auxilio Social.
1 file.

Feb 1934-Jul 1939

Spain: articles and correspondence. Drafts and cuttings of articles by JA, with letters from JA's friends and other papers.
1 file.

Aug 1936-Nov 1938

Spain: ephemera. Newspapers, magazines, posters, flyers, pamphlets and photographs, particularly on the welfare movement, Auxilio Social.
1 file.

1936–1938

Spain: pamphlets.
2 files.

1948–1954

Spanish Civil War posters.
1 file.

c 1936-c 1938

Spain: photographs. Nationalist Ministry of the Interior photographs, including: warships; charts showing industrial and agricultural output and export figures; bomb damage and casualties; photographs of women and children in the welfare movement, Auxilio Social; various senior officers; troops on parade; General Francisco Franco with his family; concentration camps and prisoners at work; images of propaganda posters; the use of prohibited weaponry.
3 files.

c 1935-c 1938

Spain: JA's diary.
1 file.

Mar 1938-Apr 1938

Spain: JA's diary. Includes two pencil sketches by [?] Clementi Camini.
1 file.

Apr 1938

Spain: JA's diary.
1 file.

Sep 1938

Spain: JA's diary.
1 file.

Sep 1938

Spain: items kept with JA's diaries. Includes: photographs of JA's friend [?] Jeanne de Araoz; visiting cards; safe conducts; press cuttings; Nationalist and Communist pamphlets.
1 file.

c 1938-Apr 1939

Visit to Vienna. Correspondence on JA's visit to Vienna [Austria], mainly correspondence between JA to his parents and also letters to JA from his friends. Subjects include: Leo Amery not being invited to join [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain's Cabinet; JA's studies; Paneuropa; a road accident JA was involved in. Also includes a photograph of JA [?] with his hosts, the von Passavant family, pamphlets from the Vienna Festival, bills etc.
2 files.

Feb 1937-Aug 1937

Belgrade and the Balkans: personal papers. Correspondence, mainly personal, on JA's stay in Belgrade [Serbia] while working as Assistant Press Attache, with correspondents including: 1st Lord Lloyd, Chairman of the British Council; Ronald Campbell, British Minister at Belgrade, on his decision to remove JA from his staff for continuing with his intelligence work against Campbell's orders; Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen [British Ambassador to Turkey]; Randolph Churchill (2); Freya Stark, writing to Florence Amery on meeting JA in Cairo [Egypt] and on her propaganda work (2).
1 file.

Nov 1937-Nov 1942

RAF notebook. Training notes.
1 file.

c Nov 1939-c Dec 1939

RAF notebook. Training notes.
1 file.

c Nov 1939-c Dec 1939

RAF notebook. Training notes.
1 file.

c Nov 1939-c Dec 1939

RAF service.
1 file.

Jul 1939-Mar 1946

Cairo flat. Correspondence with [?] Colonel Walter Cawthorn [Head of Middle East Intelligence Centre] on a flat in Cairo [Egypt] which JA had taken on from him.
1 file.

Jul 1941-Nov 1941

SOE: political survey of Yugoslavia. Annotated memoranda by JA ("A/H.A.") for 'D' Section [later the Special Operations Executive] on subjects including: the structure of the state, particularly the Government and Opposition parties, the Church, patriotic organisations and the army; developments in the political situation; the "coup d'etat project"; British policy on Yugoslavia; intelligence contacts; the situation in Bulgaria. See also a covering letter from Leo Amery to 3rd Lord Selborne [Minister of Economic Warfare, earlier Lord Wolmer] in AMEJ 1/1/21.
1 file.

Aug 1940

SOE: Balkans. Memoranda and rough notes by JA ("A/H.A.") on policy towards the Balkans and South-Eastern Europe, with a covering letter from Leo Amery to 3rd Lord Selborne [Minister of Economic Warfare, earlier Lord Wolmer], [though this probably refers to AMEJ 1/1/20].
1 file.

Feb 1941-Jun 1943

SOE: Bulgaria. Memoranda and rough notes by JA ("A/H.A.") and others on policy in Bulgaria.
1 file.

Sep 1940-Jul 1943

SOE: Yugoslavia. Memoranda by JA ("A/H.A.") and correspondence on policy in Yugoslavia, including a draft broadcast on Yugoslavia and a copy of the telegram from [? Sir Ronald Campbell, British Minister at Belgrade] ordering JA to leave the staff of the British Legation.
1 file.

Feb 1941-Oct 1942

SOE: Middle East. Memoranda by JA ("A/H.A.") on policy in the Middle East, particularly Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Palestine.
1 file.

Mar 1941-Aug 1941

SOE: destruction of Russian goods. Memoranda by JA ("A/H.A.") on attacking German imports of manganese, cotton and oil from the Soviet Union.
1 file.

Mar 1941

SOE: correspondence with Caesar. Correspondence between JA ("A/H.A.") and Julius Hanau ("Caesar") on events in the Middle East and the Balkans and JA's employment with SOE.
1 file.

Oct 1940-Mar 1943

SOE: correspondence with D/HV. Correspondence between JA ("A/H.A.") and [?] James Pearson ("D/H.V.") on events in the Middle East and the Balkans, including a report on the difficulties SOE was facing in the Middle East and on future policy in the Balkans.
1 file.

May 1941-Aug 1942

SOE: correspondence with D/H19. Correspondence between JA ("A/H.A.") and "Bob" ("D/H19.") on events in the Middle East, the Balkans and in London, including a memorandum by D/H19 on seeking the support of the Communists.
1 file.

Apr 1941-May 1942

SOE: correspondence with D/H2. Correspondence between JA ("A/H.A.") and Colonel William Bailey ("D/H2.") on events in the Middle East and the Balkans, Bailey's appointment as a political adviser in the United States on Balkan affairs and on how his personal problems might cause difficulties in working with JA after the war.
1 file.

Nov 1940-Jul 1947

SOE: miscellaneous correspondence. Correspondence between JA ("A/H.A.") and his SOE colleagues on subjects including the work of the Balkan section in Cairo [Egypt], internal tensions between the office in Istanbul [Turkey] and London, and events in the Balkans generally.
1 file.

May 1941-Nov 1942

SOE: Albanian diary. Diary of JA's mission as a liaison officer with the Albanian resistance.
1 file; Fragile..

Apr 1944-Jun 1944

SOE: Albanian diary typescript. Diary of JA's mission as a liaison officer with the Albanian resistance. Top copy.
1 file.

Apr 1944-Nov 1944

SOE: Albanian diary typescript. Diary of JA's mission as a liaison officer with the Albanian resistance. Carbon copy with some small annotations.
1 file.

Apr 1944-Nov 1944

SOE: Albanian telegrams in. Telegrams to the SOE mission with the Albanian resistance.
1 file.

May 1944-Jun 1944

SOE: Albanian telegrams. Book of telegrams to and from the SOE mission with the Albanian resistance.
1 file; Unfit for production..

c May 1944-c Oct 1944

SOE: Albanian telegrams out, Field to Bari [Italy]. Typescript telegrams from the SOE mission with the Albanian resistance.
1 file.

May 1944-Oct 1944

SOE: Albanian telegrams in, Bari [Italy] to Field. Typescript telegrams to the SOE mission with the Albanian resistance.
1 file.

May 1944-Oct 1944

SOE: report on "Concensus" Mission II, Albania. Report by Lieutenant-Colonel Neil "Billy" McLean, Major David Smiley and JA on their mission with the Albanian resistance.
1 file.

Nov 1944

Correspondence with Abas Kupi. Correspondence between JA and the Albanian resistance leader, on subjects including Albanians in exile, JA's memoirs "Sons of the Eagle" and the education of Kupi's son, and also correspondence between Ernest Bevin, Foreign Secretary, 3rd Lord Selborne [earlier Lord Wolmer] and Leo Amery on the possibility of financial assistance for Kupi.
1 file.

Jun 1945-Dec 1949

Correspondence with and about Albanians (except Abas Kupi). Subjects include Albanian refugees in Italy and JA's memoirs "Sons of the Eagle".
1 file.

1946–1950

Albania. General papers and correspondence on Albania, including: letters to Sir Andrew Ryan [British Minister in Albania]; notes for an account of British representation in Albania and on the Italian invasion in 1939, including a dispatch from Ryan to the Foreign Office.
1 file.

Nov 1936-C 1948

Albania: press cuttings. Cuttings (mainly Italian), chiefly on Italy's invasion of Albania in 1939, with some later cuttings on Albania and its neighbouring countries.
1 file.

Apr 1939-Jun 1939

Albania: Hasluck. Correspondence on a compensation claim from a Margaret Hasluck for war damage suffered by her property in Albania.
1 file.

Sep 1945-Apr 1948

"The Tragedy of Yugoslavia, or How Things Should Not Have Been Done". Typescript account of the reasons for Yugoslavia's defeat by Germany.
1 file.

Yugoslavia: miscellaneous. General papers and correspondence on Yugoslavian affairs, including: allegations of British ill-treatment of Yugoslavian prisoners; papers on the new laws relating to the Yugoslavian elections; reports on the work of the resistance; a letter from JA to 3rd Lord Selborne [Minister of Economic Warfare, earlier Lord Wolmer] on his disappointment at not being made liaison officer with King Peter of Yugoslavia; a note from Anthony Bevir, Private Secretary to Winston Churchill, Prime Minister, giving permission for JA to present Churchill's photograph to General Dusan Simovitch; a letter from the Yugoslav legation on the capture of the Patriarch Gavrilo by German troops; report on German books and newspapers on sale in Belgrade; ethnography of the north-west frontier of Yugoslavia.
1 file.

Sep 1939-Mar 1948

Balkans: miscellaneous. General papers and correspondence on Balkan affairs, including: copy of Hansard with a debate on the Balkans, 1949, with a Conservative Research Department paper on Greece and Yugoslavia and a record of meetings on policy towards Yugoslavia, with JA, Fitzroy Maclean [former commander of the military mission to the Yugoslav partisans], Charles Mott-Radclyffe, Henry Hopkinson [joint director of the Conservative Research Department, later 1st Lord Colyton] and others; correspondence with JA's Yugoslav, Greek and Albanian friends; collected Times articles on the Danubian states; letters of introduction.
1 file.

Jun 1941-Nov 1949

Yugoslavia: General Mihailovic. Includes cuttings, photographs, pamphlets, letters to the press from JA, Reginald Hibbert and Fitzroy Maclean [former commander of the military mission to the Yugoslav partisans], and correspondence on the view that Britain should have supported General Draza Mihailovic, leader of the Chetnik resistance, rather than Marshal Josip Tito, leader of the Partisan resistance.
1 file.

Mar 1936-Jul 1946

Yugoslavia: Tupanjanin. Correspondence with and on Milos Tupanjanin, former leader of the Serb Agrarian Party and his family, on his claim against the Treasury. Includes letters between 3rd Lord Selborne [earlier Lord Wolmer] and Hector McNeil [Minister of State, Foreign Office].
1 file.

May 1945-Jan 1950

Yugoslavia: correspondence with Yugoslavs except Milos Tupanjanin. Mainly correspondence with Jovan Djonovich and Milan Gavrilovic.
1 file.

May 1941-Dec 1950

Yugoslavia: political prisoners. Correspondence on various prisoners, with correspondents including: [Arthur] Douglas Dodds Parker, [Harold] Anthony Nutting (3) and Ernest Davies, Joint Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs; [George] Hugh Seton-Watson (3); Sir William Strang [Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Foreign Office] (2); Hugh Fraser; [Maurice] Harold Macmillan [later 1st Lord Stockton].
1 file.

Nov 1950-Mar 1954

Iron Curtain and Yugoslavia. General correspondence and papers on Eastern European affairs, with correspondents including: [Robert] Anthony Eden [Foreign Secretary, later 1st Lord Avon]; [Arthur] Christopher Soames; [John] Selwyn Lloyd [Minister of State, Foreign Office] (2); Ronald Russell. Also includes: note on a meeting between JA and an official from the Soviet embassy on the Berlin Conference, 1954 and Soviet policies towards the West.
1 file.

Dec 1953-Aug 1954

War service: movement orders and way bills. Orders for JA, including a letter from Richard Casey, Governor of Bengal.
1 file.

Mar 1942-May 1945

War Service: scrap file.
1 file.

Dec 1943-Apr 1944

War service: papers on Army discharge and award of war medals. Includes clearance certificates and forms on the award of the Defence Medal.
1 file.

Jul 1941-Jan 1946

War service: papers on Army discharge. Papers on JA's release as a prospective Parliamentary candidate.
1 file.

May 1945-Jun 1945

War service: papers on Army discharge. Papers on JA's transfer from the Ministry of Information to the War Office.
1 file.

Aug 1945-Jan 1946

War service: pay.
1 file.

Oct 1943-May 1946

War service: demobilisation. Includes correspondence on JA applying to join the 21st SAS Regiment.
1 file.

Oct 1945-Nov 1949

SOE: China. Includes: note introducing JA as SOE's liaison officer with Lieutenant-General Carton de Wiart [special military representative with Chiang Kai-shek]; short briefing details.
1 file.

Jan 1945-Feb 1945

China: miscellaneous. General papers and correspondence on China, including: comments from JA on an article in the Times on the situation in China; pamphlets from the China Campaign Committee; analysis of the situation created by decisions taken at the Yalta Conference, particularly relating to Poland; notes on the Kuomintang [the Chinese National People's Party]; notes on contacts for JA to meet; identity papers.
1 file.

Feb 1945-Jul 1947

China: report. Memorandum by JA on the situation in China, also including some correspondence with George Kitson, Far Eastern Department, Foreign Office, and 3rd Lord Selborne [earlier Lord Wolmer].
1 file.

May 1945-Aug 1945

Romania. Letters between JA and Cornel Bianu, former Romanian envoy to London, on an appeal to Winston Churchill [Prime Minister] on behalf of the Romanian people which Bianu wanted JA to pass on.
1 file.

Jul 1945

Greece. Includes: order of service of intercession for Greece, from St Paul's Cathedral [London], 1943; pamphlet on resistance movements in Greece from the Union of Democratic Control; letter from JA to Leo Amery, introducing [Erroll] Graham Sebastian, the former British Consul-General in Athens.
1 file.

Feb 1942-Oct 1943

"Secret History of 1939-1940: the Norwegian campaign". Annotated pamphlet published by [William] Stephen King-Hall, using information taken from the archives of the French General Staff.
1 file.

Jan 1946

"SIS Adventures". Papers and correspondence on an Secret Intelligence Service plan for overthrowing the regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania, including: account by [? JA] of a meeting with the Greek Ambassador about JA's involvement with Albania; account of a visit to Athens [Greece]; notes on negotiations with King Zog and initial plans for the campaign.
1 file.

Mar 1948-Apr 1950

War record. Details of JA's military service and biographical details.
1 file.

c 1947